Bài giảng môn Anh văn - Reading comprehension

keep the egg warm. T FOnly the female takes care of the penguin chick. T F Emperor penguins do not make nests. T F 8. Emperor penguins lay their eggs very near the sea. T FAnswersEXERCISE I1. They live in Antarctica.2. She produces one egg.3. He uses a special fold of skin.4. They stand together to protect themselves from the cold.5. They put their eggs on their feet.6. She goes to find food.7. She returns after two months.8. He returns to the sea.EXERCISE 2 1. T 3. F 5. F 7. T 2. T 4. F 6. F 8. FPhillis WheatleyPhillis Wheatley was kidnapped from Africa at the age of eight. She was brought to Boston in 1761, a sickly child only able to speak Senegalese. At the age of thirteen she wrote her first poem. In 1773 her first book of poems was published, the second volume of poetry published by a woman in America. At the Boston slave market, Phillis was purchased by John Wheatley, a tailor whose wife, impressed by the child's aptitude, taught her to speak, read, and write English. In a few years Phillis had also learnedgeography, history, and Latin and had developed a liking for classical poets such as Horace and Virgil. Her first poem, a translation from the Latin of Ovid, so amazed the literary circles in Boston that they had it published. In 1768 she wrote "To the King's Most Excellent Health," and in 1772 she composed a poem to her mistress, who was so moved that she freed Phillis and sent her to England to regain her health. With the London publication of her book. Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral, her fame spread on both sides of the Atlantic, and she became a celebrity.QuestionsEXERCISE 1 Underline the subject and circle the verb in the following sentences.1. At the Boston slave market, Phillis was purchased by John Wheatley.2. In a few years, Phillis had learned geography, history, and Latin.3. Her mistress, Mrs. Wheatley, was impressed by the child's aptitude.4. At the age of thirteen, she wrote her first poem.5. In 1773 her first book of poems was published. 6. With the London publication of her book, her fame spread on both sides of the Atlantic.EXERCISE 2 In some sentences the verb agrees with the subject; in some sentences the verb does not. Write C for correct and NC for not correct. 1. PhillisWheatley was kidnapped from Africa. 2. History, geography, and Latin was the subjects she learned 3. Classical poets such as Horace and Virgil were Phillis's favorites. 4. Phillis was purchased by Mr. Wheatley, whose wife were impressed by her and taught her to speak English. 5. The literary circles in Boston were impressed by her poem. 6. On both sides of the Atlantic her poetry was famous.The OlympicsThe word "Olympic" comes from the name of the town Olympia in Greece, where the ancient Olympic Games were always held. The first recorded Olympic Games were held in 776 B.C.; the Games took place every fourth year after that date until they were abolished by a Roman emperor in A.D. 394 .It was not until 1875, when archeologists discovered the ruins of the Olympic Stadium in Greece, that interest in the Games was renewed. Baron Pierre de Coubertin, a French scholar and educator, proposed that the Games should be revived as an international competition to encourage both sport and world peace. The first modern Olympic Games were heldin Athens in 1896. Like their classical predecessors, the athletes were men only; women were admitted to the Games in 1900. Since that time, the Games have been held at four-year intervals as in ancient Greece. However, since de Coubertin's dream of world peace has not been realized, the two World Wars prevented those of 1916, 1940, and 1944 from being held. The Olympic Games have been confined to amateur athletes despite a few recent exceptions. There are pressures on the Olympic authorities to admit other professionals to the Games. Such a step would damage the entire concept of the Olympics. The following words appear on the scoreboard at every Olympic opening : "The most important thing is not to win but to take part." In contrast, the aim of every professional is to win.QuestionsEXERCISE 1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.1. The word "Olympic" (come) ___ from Olympia in Greece.2. In A.D.394, a Roman emperor (abolish) _________ the Olympic Games.3. In 1875 archeologists (discover) _________ the ruins of the Olympic Stadium in Greece.4. The French educator Pierre de Coubertin (propose) __________ that the Games be revived.5. Since 1896 the Olympic Games (be held) _________ every four years with some exceptions.6. In the Olympic Games of 1896 the athletes (be) __________ men only. 7. Women (be admitted) __________ in 1900.EXERCISE 2 Correct the verb tenses in the following sentences where necessary, 1. The Olympics have taken place every four years between 776 B.C. and A.D. 394. 2. Women started to participate in the Games in 1900. 3. From 1896 to the present, the Olympic Games were held every four years. 4. With a few recent exceptions, professional athletes do not take part in the Olympic Games. 5. With this international competition, Pierre de Coubertin has wanted to encourage both sport and world peace. 6. In 1916, 1940, and 1944 the Olympic Games have not taken place.AnswersEXERCISE I1. comes2. abolished3. discovered4. proposed5. has been held6. were7.were admittedEXERCISE 21. The Olympics took place every four years from 776 B.C. to 394 A.D.2. Correct3. From 1896 to the present, the Olympic Games have been held every four years.4. Correct5. With this international competition Fierre de Corubertin wanted to encourage both sport and world peace.6. In 1916, 1940, and 1944 the Olympic Games did not take place.Mount St HelensMount St. Helens, a volcano in the state of Washington in the United States, erupted on May 18, 1980. Sixty-two people died due to the eruption. No one was surprised by the eruption of Mount St. Helens. Scientists had been predicting that an eruption was likely for almost two years before it happened. In March 1980 a small eruption occurred and in April one side of the mountain started to swell and crack. The scientists issued warnings and asked people to clear the area. On May 18 the mountain exploded. Hot gases burst out, followed by hot ash, which ran down the mountain slopes burning everything in its path. Two cubic kilometers of earth was thrown 60,000 feet straight up into the atmosphere. Cities and towns were covered with powder. The ash from the volcano was found as far away as the Atlantic Ocean, on the other side of the continent. The top of the mountain was blown away and about 600 square kilometers (230 miles) of land was destroyed, killing both animals and plants. Many thought it would take decades for the land to recover, but the return of life was remarkable. Today the slopes and valleys of Mount St. Helens once again have abundant wildlife.QuestionsEXERCISE 1 Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions, 1. Mount St. Helens erupted ______ May 18, 1980.2, Scientists had predicted that an eruption was likely, so no one was surprised ________3. _______ April 1980 one side ________ the mountain started to swell.4. The explosion of hot gases was followed _______ hot ash.5. Cities were covered ________ ash from the mountain.6. The ash _______ the mountain went as far as the Atlantic Ocean ________ the other side of the continent,onbyInonbywithfromonIslandsSome islands were originally parts of continents. These islands were separated from the mainland as a result of a rise in sea level. For example. Great Britain was connected to the mainland of Europe about 11,000 years ago. As the climate got warmer, ice melted and the sea level rose. As a result, water covered the land that had connected Great Britain to the mainland. Other islands rise from the ocean. Some are volcanoes, such as the islands of Hawaii and the islands of Japan. Some volcanic islands are millions of years old, but new islands are forming all the time. For example, Iceland was formed millions of years ago by a volcano. In 1963, a volcano started to form a new island called Suitsey near Iceland. Islands differ greatly in size. Greenland is the largest island in the world. The difference between an island and a continent is based on size. Because Australia is three times the size of Greenland, geographers classify Australia as a continent.QuestionsEXERCISE 1 Complete the sentences with the name of the country or island, 1. Honshu is the biggest island in _________2. _________ is the biggest island in the world.3. According to geographers, __________ is not an island but a continent.4. About 11,000 years ago ______________ was connected to Europe.5. _________ was formed by a volcano millions of years ago.6. _________ is a new island formed in 1963.Michael FaradayDuring the last 400 years, most scientists have relied on mathematics in their development of their inventions or discoveries. However, one great British scientist,Michael Faraday, did not make use of mathematics. Faraday, the son of a poor blacksmith, was born in London in 1791 and had no education beyond reading and writing. In 1812 Faraday was hired as a bottle washer by the great chemist Humphry Davy. Later, Faraday became a greater scientist than Davy, making the last years of Davy's life embittered with jealousy. Faraday made the first electric motor in 1821, a device that used electricity to produce movement. Then Faraday became interested in the relationship between electricity and magnetism. In 1831 he discovered that when a magnet is moved near a wire, electricity flows in the wire. With this discovery he produced a machine for making electricity called a dynamo. Faraday then went on to show how electricity affects chemical substances. Because Faraday believed that money should be given to the poor, when he grew old, he was destitute. However, Queen Victoria rewarded him for his discoveries by giving him a stipend and a house, he died in 1867.EXERCISE 1Complete the blanks in the following sentences with that or how. 1. Humphry Davy was jealous ________ Faraday became a greater scientist than he.2. Faraday discovered ________ when a magnet is moved near a wire it produces electricity.3. Faraday showed ________ electricity affects chemical substances.4. Faraday showed __________great scientific discoveries could be made without the use of mathematics.5. Faraday believed _______ money should be given to the poor.6. Faraday's invention meant ________ homes could be heated by electric power and litthatthathowthat/howthatthatEXERCISE 2Choose the correct noun clause to complete the sentence.1.Faraday discovered ________.(A) that a magnet creates electricity in a wire (B) what electricity is2.Faraday showed _______(A) why electricity does not affect chemicals(B) how electricity affects chemical substances3.It was obvious ______.(A) why Humphry Davy was jealous of Faraday(B) how Humphry Davy was jealous of Faraday4. Faraday believed .______.(A) what everybody told him (B) that money was not important5. It can be seen _______.(A) how mathematics is important to scientific discovery(B) that mathematics is not necessarily important in scientific discoveryABABBhalloween festivalIt takes place on 31st October. At Halloween we feel afraid of___ . At this time of year the spirit world is closest to our own. It's Winter and it's very ___,so we are scared of the long dark ___We decorate a round orange ____ called a pumpkin and draw a face on it. We put a candle _____ and let the light shine out. We put it ____ the door to scare away the ghosts. One tradition, which started in _____, is for the children to dress up as ghosts and monsters and _____ every house in their street. They _____ on the door and say "trick or treat"! They will get a ____ - something nice to eat, maybe sweets or fruit. Or if we don't give them a treat, they will do a ____, which is something bad ghosts trick visit by treat America cold knock nights vegetable inside	Eid festivalEid is a Muslim festival. Muslims live mainly in the _____ , but there are many Muslims in England, too. Eid is a big and _____ party at the end of a long month called 'Ramadan'. During this month Muslims don't eat ____ during the day. We call this ________ Muslims only eat when the sun ___ at night and it's dark. Not everybody fasts: if you're too old or too young or too ____, you don't have to fast. At the end of Ramadan, it's the big Eid Party. There's music, and food and ______ Everyone can eat again in the ____. They sometimes decorate their hands with orange ____ in a beautiful pattern. Eid is at a different time each year, it changes with the lunar________.Middle East paint fasting sets sick day time calendar happy food dancing	 Gap fillingComplete each sentence with a suitable word or phrase,a) If you ............................... using my calculator. I'd like it back later, b) Strange .........................seem, the winter can be drier than the summer.c) The lighting works automatically. We ..................................turn it on. d) You are awful! You ...........................told me you were having a party!e) There is nobody for..........................I feel more respect than Mrs Giles.f) But for your help,..............................unable to finish the work on time.g) Susan ................... on making us a cup of tea) even though we had to leave.h) I should ........................................................ David would know better.i) I'd rather............................. bring your dog in here, if you don't mind.j) Our teacher didn’t arrive until the...................... end of the lesson.insist onas it maydon’t have tomight havewhomI would have beeninsistedhave thoughtyou didn’tveryComplete each sentence with a suitable word or phrasea) It’s by ..........................................certain that the plan will be adopted. b) If anyone calls,say I'm out,no matter................................................c) Try............................................,I just couldn't get the car started.d) How kind of you! But you really .................................brought me a present.e) Philip agreed to rob the bank, but then found he couldn't go .......................... it. f) Not until I looked at my watch ..........I...............how much time had passed. g) George gave the police three accounts of the accident, .............................was true.h) Ann strongly...............................taken the money.i) Do you ...............................................coming out for a walk later?j) Harry didn't seem the............................ worried by what the policeman said.no meanswho it isas I mightshouldn’t havethrough withrealisenone of whichdenied havingfeel likeleast bitdid Put one suitable word in each spacea) Your sister............... be really annoying, you know!b) The cracks in the beams resulted ............... the collapse of the ceiling.c) The block of flats was built ............... money lent by the local authority.d) In the middle of the ceremony, Tom ............... out laughing.e) Have you insured the car............... fire?f) I wish grandfather............... be here to see all the children.g) I wouldn't be surprised if Mary............... come first after all.h) ............... this really be the right address? The house is for sale.i) The spokesperson refused to elaborate ............... the plans any further. j) If you ............... see Judith, would you give her my love?caninwithburstagainstcoulddidCanonshouldBirth of the computerMost people think of computers as very modern inventions,products of our new technology. But actually the idea for acomputer .......(1) worked out over two centuries ago by a man.......(2) Charles Babbage. Babbage was born ........(3)1791 and grew up to be a brilliant mathematician. He drew up plans for several calculating machines ...........(4) he called "engines". But despite the fact that he ...........(5) building some of these he never finished any of them. Over the years people have argued ..........(6) his machines would ever work. Recently, however, the Science Museum in London has finished building ........(7) engine based on one of Babbage's designs. ........(8) has taken six years to complete and more .......(9) four thousand parts have been specially made. Whether it works or not, the machine will be on show at a special exhibition in the Science Museum .......(10) remind people of Babbage's work.wascalledinwhichstartedwhetheranItthantoFill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each spare.Teacher's Day ................ on the first of September each year.Generally, it is ................. for school children to show ......................appreciation to their teachers who ..................... pains takingly guidedthem in their .................. It is a time to .................... the bad experiencesstudents may have .............. their teachers scolding and punishingthem students .................... their teachers flowers and gifts. Suchgestures are small in ..................... to the teacher's dedication and hardwork. Parties are help and there is an ....... ............ of fun andamusement in the school.fallsmeanttheirhavestudiesforgetofgivecomparisonatmosphereFill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use onlyone word in each space.What ............... the world be like in the future? I think that futurepeople will go .......................... the same cycle of life and have the sameproblems as people today. They will be born. They will go to school and university: they will fall in ......................... . They will find a .................. . They will ..................... old and ..................... But the ways ofdoing these things will be ................. . Their parents will choose their sex and physical characteristics, and they will be conceived in test.................. . They will have electronic teachers that they only see onTV. They will fall in love through computer ...................... . They willwork ...................... home with a computer hook up to their jobs. They will grow old with transplanted organs and die ........................ they are 150 years ........................ Will the world be .......................? I think there will be less disease, but I think social ......................... will increase, andwar will .........................willthoughlovejobgrowdiedifferenttubesdatingatWhenoldbetterproblemscontinueFill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space.Children are brought ...................... with love and ....................... in, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. They enjoy every ...................... to get agood education and to acquire a useful ......................... . Our country isnow on its ...................... to socialist construction. We need people withfully - developed .................... and .............. abilities. It is for this reason......................... labour training is introduced in all Vietnamese schools.The development of good working .......................... in our children willundoubtedly help them to ................... life as useful .......................... of a socialist ....................... So, while still at school, they learn a useful trade and upon .................... they may effectively work in .............................and .............................upcareopportunitytradewayphysicalmentalthathabitentermemberssocietygraduationindustryagricultureChoose the correct word or phrase for each space from the list belowA. bumpity F. garbage K. provide P. amount B. as G. gradually L. purity Q. pollutes C. because H. individuals M. require R. give D. benefit 1. or N. too S. can E. discharge J. protects 0. by T. peopleEveryone wants to reduce pollution. But the pollution problem is .......(1) complicated as it is ser