Bài giảng môn Anh văn - Unit 5: Technology

UNIT 5TECHNOLOGYWarm-up: Match the word in column A with its meaning in column BABScienceInventionTechnologyComputerInformationKnowledge or use of the mechanical arts and applied linguistics.Electronic device for storing and processing data, making calculations or controlling machinery.Informing or being informed.Inventing or being invented.Branch of knowledge involving systemized observation and experiment.PrefixesA letter or group of letters added to the beginning of a word to make a new word. In the word “unimportant”, “un” is a prefix.Example: 	disable  disability	uncomfortable  discomfort	inconvenient  inconvenienceIn another hand, prefixes is a group of letters at the beginning of a word which changes the words meaning. Here is a list of the most common prefixes and examples of how those prefixes are used. anti – opposed to or against: anti-racist laws bi – two: bilingual, bimonthly co – with or together: a co-author, to coexist counter – opposing or as a reaction to a counter attack dis – not or the opposite of: dishonest, disbelief, to disagree ex – from, before: an ex-boyfriend, an ex-boss in-, il-, im-, ir- not incorrect: illegal, impossible, irregular milli – a thousandth: a millisecond mis – not or badly mistrust: to misbehave multi – many: a multi-millionaire, a multi-storey car park un – not or the opposite of: unhappy, unfair, to unfasten under – not enough: undercooked potatoes, underprivileged childrenEXERCISES: Match the prefixes in column A with their corresponding words in column B1.multi-2. counter-3. un-g. comfortablea. clockwiseb. believablec. functionald. pluge. lockf. mediaComplete the following sentences with the new words you have found in task (a)1/ ------------------- shoes will make your feet painful.2/ Many schools now have ------------- rooms to help students study foreign languages better.3/ Don’t forget to ----------- the vacuum cleaner after use.4/ Turn the key clockwise to lock the door and turn the key -------------- to ------------------- it.5/ Your story is ---------------. Did you make it up?6/ This --------------- device can operate as a blender, juicer, and grinder. uncomfortable multimediaunplugunlockcounterclockwiseunbelievable multifunctional Fill the suitable prefixes into the blank..national sport really improves relations between countries.America has people from all over the world. It’s a -racial society.There was an .-war march in London yesterday.This failure forced us to ..think all of our plans.It is  ...Of you to discourage him from studies (responsible).7.30 a.m on a Saturday is a rather .time for an appointment .(convenient)Every year many people come to Africa to see its beautiful country side and its .animal. (usual)Don’t trust him. He ‘s completely .(honest) IntermultiantireirresponsibleconvenienceunusualdishonestI/ Passive forms :We use the passive forms for reasons of style and of clarity , as well as of meaning . Mostly the rules of passive formation are straightforward, but it needs to be that certain words and structure cannot be used in this passive.The passive of an active tense is formed by putting the verb and adding the past participle of the active verb .The subject of the active verb becomes the agents of the passive verb. The agent is very often not mentioned .When it is mentioned it is preceded by By and placed at the end of the clause:-This tree was planted by my grandmother.Passive voiceUses of the passiveThe passive is used:When it is not necessary to mention the doer of the action as it is obvious who he is/was/will be:-The rubbish hasn’t been collected.-Your hand will be X-rayed.When we don’t know , or don’t know exactly , or have forgotten who did the action:-The minister was murdered./My car has been moved!When the subject of the active verb would be “people”-He is suspected of receiving stolen goods. (People suspect him of.).When the subject of the active sentence would be the indefinite pronoun one: One sees this sort of the advertisement everywhere would usually be expressed:-This sort of advertisement is seen every where.In colloquial speech we can use this indefinite pronoun and active verb :-You see this sort of advertisement everywhere.But formal English requires one + active verb or the more usual passive form .When we are more interested in the action than the person who does it:The house next door has been bought (by a Mr James)The Passive may be used to avoid an awkward or ungrammatical sentence. This is usually done by avoiding a change of subject :When we arrived home a detective arrested him .Would be better expressed :When he arrived home he was arrested(by a detective).The passive is sometime preferred for psychological reasons. A speaker may use it to disclaim responsibility for disagreeable announcementsMake meaningful sentences from the cues, using the appropriate active or passive verb form. The first one has been done as an example:Bridge/ damage/ last week, and it/ not repair/ yet.	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------I / not find/ digital camera. It / steal.	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Old buildings / just/ knock down / build/ new supermarket/ here.	---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Washing machine / not work/ yesterday / but / OK/ now. It / repair. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------An unknown actor / choose / star / a new movie. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------new employee / always / tell / not/ play games / at work, but / he / not seem / change. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- That bridges was damaged last week, and it hasn’t been repaired yet.I can’t find my digital camera. It has been stolen.The old buildings have just been knocked down to build a new supermarket here.My washing machine didn’t work yesterday, but it’s OK now. It has been repaired.An unknown actor has been chosen to star in a new movie.My new employee has always been told not to play games at work, but he doesn’t seemto changeUsed is the past tense of a defective verb which has no present tense.Affirmative: used to + inf. for all persons.Interrogative :Did you/he/they use to + inf.?Negative: S + didn’t use to + inf.Used to is followed by the full infinitive .Used to	Use:	“Used to” is used to express the discontinued habit or the situation which contrasts with the present 	Note: Used is not formally stressed , but it can be stressed if the speaker wishes to emphasize the contrast between the past and the present.Used as an adjective: To be/become/get used to:Used can also be an adjective that means ‘accustomed’. It is then preceded by be ,become or get in any tense and followed by the preposition To + noun/pronoun or gerund:I’m used to working in a noisy room .I’ll get used to writing emails by yahoo.I am used to.etc is a psychological statement . Do not confuse with Be used to and used to 	Be used to + V-ing or noun phrase.	Used to + bare infinitive.Make meaningful sentences about people around a hundred years ago, using the cues below. The first one has been done as an example.1.Vietnamese men / wear/ ao dai ’s / formal occasions / one hundred years ago.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Travel / horses.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Work very long hours / a week / but / get / low pay.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. Grind rice / some grinder / make / rice flour.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. Build houses / mud and straw / because / not have / cement.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. Vietnamese women / dye / teeth / black.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Vietnamese men used to wear ao dai’s on formal occasionsPeople used to travel on horses.They used to work very long hours in a week, but they got low pay. People used to grind rice by some grinder to make rice flour.People used to build houses with mud and straw because they didn’t have cement. Vietnamese women used to dye their teeth black.