Bài giảng môn Tiếng Anh - Clause of condition

CLAUSE OF CONDITION Ex: I will buy a house if I have money (if I have money, I will buy a house ) -Mệnh đề if có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính . Nếu mệnh đề if đặt trước mệnh đề chính thì sau nó có dấu phẩy -Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần : main clause và if clause Main clause If clause If clause Main clause CLAUSE OF CONDITION Loại If clause Main clause Cách dùng & ví dụ 123Past simple V2/ed (to be →WERE) Present conditionalWould V-bare CouldGiả thiết trái ngược với sự thật ở hiện tại If I were rich, I would help the poor Past perfect Had + V 3/ ed Perfect conditional Would + have + V3/ed Could Giả thiết trái ngược với sự thật trong qúa khứ If Van Quyen had not bet on football,he would not have been in prison Present simple V-bare / V s / es Simple future Will+ V bare Giả thiết có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai If you study hard, you will pass the exam CLAUSE OF CONDITION Task 1 : Use the correct verb tenses : If I see him , I (give ) him a gift If I had a typewriter, I (type) it myself If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) youYou could make better progress if you (attend) class regularly If I (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat will give would type would have visited attended knew had arrived CLAUSE OF CONDITION CLAUSE AFTER WISH, IF ONLY Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.He could get a job easily if he (have) a degree.I shouldn’t have believed it if I (not see) it with my own eyes.If he (study) hard, he can pass the exam.If she had asked you, you (accept)?Rice plants (grow) well if there is enough rain.He might get fat if he (stop) smoking.What you (do) if you found a burglar in your house?If she (not hurry), she may be late.If I (try) again, I think that I would have succeeded.Water (not run) downhill if there were not gravity.hashadn’t seenstudieswould you have acceptedgrow/ will growstoppedWhat would you dodoesn’t hurryhad triedcouldn’t runTask 2: make conditional sentences Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby upIf Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson If I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up If I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you If We got lost because we didn’t have a map If you don’t keep silent , you will wake the baby up you don’t stop talking , you won’t understand the lesson I knew her number, I would ring her up I knew the answer, I could tell you we had had a map, we would not have got lost CLAUSE OF CONDITION His friends were so late, so they missed the trainIf Today isn’t Sunday, so the pupils can’t go swimming If It is very cold , so we can’t go swimming If his friends had not been so late, they would not have missed the train today were Sunday, the pupils could go swimming It were not (very) cold, we could go swimming CLAUSE OF CONDITION 9. It was very cold yesterday, so we couldn’t go swimming If 10. I didn’t watch TV last night because I was busy If It had not been (very) cold yesterday, we could have gone swimming I had not been busy, I would have watched TV last night CLAUSE AFTER WISH, IF ONLY 1. Because you don’t leave immediately, I call a policeman. If you left immediately, I wouldn’t call a policeman.2. Go right now or you’ll be late for the train. If you don’t go right now, you’ll be late for the train.3. As she is often absent from class, she can’t keep pace with her classmates. If she weren’t often absent from class, she could keep pace with her classmate.4. I couldn’t write to Alice because I didn’t know her address. If I had known her address, I would have written to Alice.5. The heavy rain kept everybody from going out. If it hadn’t rained heavily, everybody would have gone out.Make conditional sentences according to the facts providedCLAUSE AFTER WISH, IF ONLY Make conditional sentences according to the facts provided6. This chair is too heavy for him to move. If this chair weren’t too heavy, he could move it.7. He had a flu because he went out in the rain last night. If he hadn’t gone out in the rain last night, he wouldn’t have had a flu.8. The church bells keep me from sleeping. If there weren’t the church bells, I could sleep.9. Morning exercises make me feel better. If we do morning exercises, we’ll feel better.10. The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. If the boy weren’t so young, he could go to school.CLAUSE AFTER WISH, IF ONLY Make conditional sentences according to the facts provided11. The fridge keeps the food from spoiling. If there weren’t the fridge, the food would spoil.12. Why don’t you study hard? If I were you, I would study hard.13. Why don’t you stop smoking? If I were you, I would stop smoking.14. Be careful, or you’ll cut yourself with that knife. If you aren’t careful, you’ll cut yourself with that knife.15. Be calm, or you’ll make a wrong decision. If you aren’t calm, you’ll make a wrong decision.CLAUSE AFTER WISH, IF ONLY Make conditional sentences according to the facts provided16. Without the air, we would die. If there weren’t the air, we would die.17. Without a visa, she couldn’t have come to that country. If she hadn’t had a visa, she couldn’t have come to that country18. Without the sun, man would live in the darkness. If there weren’t the sun, man would live in the darkness.19. Without money, he wouldn’t have bought such a big house. If he hadn’t had money, he wouldn’t have bought such a big house.20. Smoking makes him so weak. If he didn’t smoke, he wouldn’t be so weak.Cách đặt điều kiện trái ngược tình huống cho trước: Chọn câu chỉ nguyên nhân , Đặt giả thiết trái ngược với nguyên nhân đóChọn loại điều kiện thích hợp: Động từ (trong câu tình huống) ở mệnh lệnh → điều kiện loại 1 Động từ ở hiện tại → điều kiện 2 Động từ ở quá khứ → điều kiện 3 CLAUSE OF CONDITION Cách dùng UNLESS: Ex: If you do not study hard, you will fail the exam Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam UNLESS + S + VERB (Nếu .không) Trong mệnh đề điều kiện, ta có thể thay liên từ ‘IF” bằng “UNLESS” (nếukhông, trừ phi)UNLESS = IFNOTCLAUSE OF CONDITION Cách dùng UNLESS: (cont’)LƯU Ý: Khi ta đổi một câu điều kiện với từ nối “IF” sang “UNLESS”, trường hợp mệnh đề IF ở thể khẳng định không được đổi sang thể phủ định khi dùng “UNLESS” mà phải đổi mệnh đề chính theo thể ngược lại.Ex: If I have time, I’ll help you.Unless I have time, I won’t help you.CLAUSE OF CONDITION Cách dùng UNLESS: (cont’)Ta có thể gút lại công thức sau:IF-CLAUSE UNLESSThể phủ định  khẳng định ( mệnh đề chính không thay đổi)Thể khẳng định  khẳng định (đổi động từ trong mệnh đề chính sang thể ngược lại)CLAUSE OF CONDITION Practice: Use UNLESS instead of IF If you do not like this one, I’ll bring you another Unless If she does not hurry, she’ll be late Unless If you are not careful, you’ll cut yourself Unless if you had not sneezed, he wouldn’t have known that we were there you like this one, i’ll bring you another she hurries, she’ll be late you are careful, you’ll cut yourself Unless you had sneezed , he wouldn’t .. CLAUSE OF CONDITION CLAUSE OF CONDITION Use unless instead of IF:If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife.Unless you are careful, you will cut yourself with that knife.2. If you do not like this one, I’ll bring you another. Unless you like this one, I’ll bring you another.3. I’ll not be able to do any work  I’ll not be able to do any work unless I have a quiet room.4. If she does not hurry, she’ll be late. Unless she hurries, she’ll be late.5. If we had more rain, our crops would be better. Unless we had more rain, our crops would be better.6. The crops would have been ruined if the flood had risen higher. The crops wouldn’t have been ruined unless the flood had risen higher7. If you had not sneezed, he wouldn’t have known that we were there. Unless you had sneezed, he wouldn’t have known that we were there.8. If she did her hair differently, she would look quite nice. Unless she did her hair differently, she wouldn’t look quite nice.9. If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game. Unless John had played for our football team, we would have lost the game.10. If I won a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job. Unless I won a big prize in a lottery, I wouldn’t give up my job. CLAUSE OF CONDITION Use unless instead of IF:QUIZ 1 Because you don’t leave immediately, I call a policeman If Go right now or you’ll be late for the train If His friends were so late, so they missed the trainIf you left immediately , I wouldn’t call a policeman his friends had not been late, they would not have missed the train you don’t go right now, you will be late for the train CLAUSE OF CONDITION CLAUSE OF CONDITION Cách đảo chủ ngữTa cũng có thể diễn tả câu điều kiện mà không cần dùng IF hay UNLESS bằng cách đảo chủ ngữ ra sau động ừ WERE (trong loại 2) hay HAD (trong loại 3).Lưu ý: không được thực hiện với những động từ khác.Ex: If they were stronger, they could lift the table. Were they stronger, they could lift the table.CLAUSE OF CONDITION Make conditional sentences without conjunctionsIf I were you, I’d accept the job.If you had told me that he never paid his debts, I wouldn’t have lent him money.If he had known your telephone number he would have rung you.If it were nice, we would go for a walk.I would come to her wedding if I were invited.Were I you, I’d accept the job.Had you told me that he never paid his debts, I wouldn’t have lent him money.Had he known your telephone number he would have rung you.Were it nice, we would go for a walk.Were I invited I would come to her wedding .Make conditional sentences without conjunctionsWould you visit me if I were sent to prison?Would you have written to her if you had known her address?What would you do if today were a holiday?If they had asked me I would have helped them.Scientists think that men could live on the moon if there were air and water on itCLAUSE OF CONDITION Were I sent to prison, would you visit me?Had you known her address, would you have written to her?Were today a holiday, what would you do ?Had they asked me, I would have helped them.Were there air and water on it, scientists think that men could live on the moon.CLAUSE OF CONDITION Một số từ dùng thay IF trong câu điều kiệnProvided (that), on condition (that), as long as (miễn là, điều kiện là)Suppose, supposing (giả sử như)In case (Trong trường hợp)Even if (ngay cả khi, dù cho)Ex: In case I forget, please remind me of my promise.CLAUSE AFTER WISH, IF ONLY WISH: ao ước ( trước wish phải có chủ ngữ) IF ONLY: giá mà, phải chi.CLAUSE AFTER WISH, IF ONLY Sau WISH và IF ONLY, người ta thường dùng một mệnh đề chỉ một điều ao ước, một điều không thật. Nó được xem như một mệnh danh ngữ (noun clause). Có 3 loại mệnh đề sau WISH và IF ONLY được dùng để chỉ sự ao ước ở:	Tương lai	Hiện tại	Quá khứCLAUSE AFTER WISH, IF ONLY FUTURE WISH (Ao ước ở tương lai)Ex:I wish I would be an astronaut in the future.Tom wishes he were coming with us.If only I would take the trip with you next Sunday.If only I would be able to attend your wedding next week.S + WISH + S + WOULD + V(BARE- inf.)(IF ONLY) + COULDCLAUSE AFTER WISH, IF ONLY 2. PRESENT WISH Ex:I wish I were rich.( But I am poor now)I can’t swim. I wish I could swim.If only Ben were here.(Ben isn’t here. I wish he were here)We wish that we didn’t have to go to class today.(We have to go to class.)S + WISH + S + V past Subjunctive(IF ONLY) (V2; be  were)Past subjunctive: Quá khứ giả định, hình thức như simple pastCLAUSE AFTER WISH, IF ONLY 3. PAST WISH Ex:I wish I hadn’t failed my exam last year.(I failed my exam.)She wishes she had had enough money to buy the house.(She didn’t have enough money to buy it)If only I had met her yesterday.(I didn’t meet her.)She wishes should have been there.(She couldn’t be there.)S + WISH + S + Past Perfect Subjunctive (had + V3)(IF ONLY) could have + V3Past perfect Subjunctive: quá khứ hoàn thành giả định, hình thức như past perfectCLAUSE AFTER WISH, IF ONLY 1. Future wishS + WISH + S + WOULD + V(BARE- inf.)(IF ONLY) + COULD I wish I would be an astronaut in the future. If only I would take the trip with you next Sunday.2. Present wishS + WISH + S + V past Subjunctive(IF ONLY) 	 (V2; be  were) I wish I were rich. If only Ben were here.3. Past wish Past Perfect Subjunctive S + WISH + S + (had + V3)(IF ONLY) could have + V3 I wish I hadn’t failed my exam last year. If only I had met her yesterday.CLAUSE AFTER WISH, IF ONLY Give the correct forms of the verbs in the parenthesesShe wishes her father (be) here now to help her.I wish you (not give) them my phone number yesterday.I wish they (visit) us when they were in town.I wish someone (give) me a job next month.If only I (can take) the trip to Hanoi with her next summer.We wish we (understand) all the teacher’s explanation yesterday.He missed an exciting football match on TV last night. He wishes he ( watch) it.If only I (have) more time to do this job.I wish she (come) to see me yesterday.I wish that someday I (be) able to marry her.CLAUSE AFTER WISH, IF ONLY Rewrite the sentences below, using WISH or IF ONLY to express wishesMy father isn’t here now. I want him to be here now. I wish my father were here now.2. You talk more than you. The teacher wants you to work more than to talk. The teacher wishes you worked more than you talked. 3. John would like to be an astronaut when he grows up. John wishes he would like to be an astronaut when he grows up.4. I’m sorry I didn’t help you yesterday. I wish I had helped you yesterday.CLAUSE AFTER WISH, IF ONLY Rewrite the sentences below, using WISH or IF ONLY to express wishes5. I regret that we didn’t give me a chance to tell you the truth. I wish we had given me a chance to tell you the truth.6.Mary is afraid she won’t be able to attend your wedding next week. Mary wishes she would be able to attend your wedding next week.7. We regret that we didn’t have enough money to buy that house. We wish we hadn’t had enough money to buy that house.8. You drive too fast. I’d like you to drive more slowly. I wish you drove more slowly.CLAUSE AFTER WISH, IF ONLY Rewrite the sentences below, using WISH or IF ONLY to express wishes9. You are too lazy. The teacher wants you to be more studious. The teacher wishes you were more studious.10. I’m afraid he won’t get over his illness soon. I wish he would get over his illness soon.11. I’m not a doctor. I wish I were a doctor.12. I haven’t enough money to buy this book. I wish I had enough money to buy this book.13. I live in a big city, but I don’t like it. I wish I didn’t live in a big city.CLAUSE AFTER WISH, IF ONLY Rewrite the sentences below, using WISH or IF ONLY to express wishes14. Nam is sorry now that he didn’t accept the job. Nam wishes he had accepted the job.15. Tomorrow is a workday. I wish tomorrow weren’t be a workday.16. We have to work that Saturday. We wish we wouldn’t have to word that Saturday.17. I feel sick because I ate too much ice-cream. I wish I hadn’t eaten too much ice-cream.18. It’s pity that you were not here last week. It wishes you had been here last week.19. I regret speaking to him so impolitely yesterday. I wish I hadn’t spoken to him so impolitely yesterday.20. Alan regretted asking Arthur to lend him 20$. Alan wish she hadn’t asked Arthur to lend him 20$CLAUSE AFTER WISH, IF ONLY Rewrite the sentences below, using WISH or IF ONLY to express wishes21. I want the baby to stop crying.I wish the baby stopped crying.22. He is sorry now that he didn’t invite Molly to his party.He wishes he had invited Molly to his party.23. The hotel wasn’t good.I wish the hotel had been good.24. I didn’t understand the lesson.I wish I had understood the lesson.25. My friend didn’t pass his exam. I wish my friend had passed his exam.