Đề cương ôn tập học kì II môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 8
Passive:
Cách 1: It + be + PP (verb1) + s2 + verb2 .
Cách 2: S2+ be+ PP (verb1) + to- infinitive (verb2).
Ex: People say that he is crazy.
Passive:
It said that he is crazy
He is said to be crazy.
b. Negatives
Ex1: No one has cleaned the floor lately.
Passive:
The floor hasn’t been cleaned lately
Ex2: We didn’t do anything about it.
Passive:
Nothing was done about it.
c. Who + V + object .?
Passive:
- By whom. ?
- Who. by?
Ex: Who wrote this novel ?
Passive:
- By whom was this novel written ?
- Who was this novel written by ?
d. It + be + adjective + to
-infinitive + sth
ĐỀ CƯƠNG HỌC KÌ II LỚP 8 THEORY: IN ORDER TO, SO AS TO Cấu trúc in order to và so as to trong tiếng Anh - Ý nghĩa và Cách dùng Cấu trúc In order to và so as to có nghĩa là “để, để mà”, được dùng trong câu để giới thiệu về mục đích của hành động được nhắc đến ngay trước đó. Ví dụ: - I study English in order to speak to my English friend. (Tôi học tiếng Anh để nói chuyện với người bạn đến từ Anh.) - She works hard so as to have a better life in the future. (Cô ấy làm việc chăm chỉ để có được cuộc sống tốt hơn trong tương lai.) Cấu trúc in order to và so as to trong tiếng Anh - Cấu trúc tiếng Anh 1. Cấu trúc in order to và so as to - Khi mục đích của hành động hướng tới chính chủ thể của hành động được nêu ở phía trước S + V + in order/so as + (not) + to + V . Tình huống 1: I worked hard. I wanted to pass the test. (Tôi học hành chăm chỉ. Tôi muốn đỗ kỳ thi.) => I worked hard so as to pass the test. (Tôi học hành chăm chỉ để đỗ kỳ thi.) Tình huống 2: I worked hard. I didn’t want to fail the test. (Tôi học hành chăm chỉ. Tôi không muốn trượt kỳ thi.) => I worked hard in order not to fail the test. (Tôi học hành chăm chỉ để không trượt kỳ thi.) 2. Cấu trúc in order to - Khi mục đích hành động hướng tới đối tượng khác S + V + in order + for O + (not) + to + V . Tình huống: She works hard. She wants her kid to have a better life. (Cô ấy làm việc chăm chỉ. Cô ấy muốn con mình có cuộc sống tốt hơn.) => She works hard in order for her kid to have a better life. (Cô ấy làm việc chăm chỉ để con cô ấy có cuộc sống tốt hơn.) *Một vài lưu ý về cấu trúc in order to / so as to trong tiếng Anh. - Cấu trúc in order to/ so as to chỉ áp dụng được khi 2 chủ từ 2 câu giống nhau - Bỏ chủ từ câu sau bỏ các chữ want like hope...giữ lại từ động từ sau nó. Ví dụ: I study hard.I want to pass the exam. -> I study hard in order to pass the exam. III. Một số cấu trúc tương đương với cấu trúc in order to trong tiếng Anh 1. To + V Ví dụ: I worked hard so as to pass the test. = I worked hard to pass the test. (Tôi học hành chăm chỉ để đỗ kỳ thi.) **Tuy nhiên, không dùng not + to V thay thế cho in order/ so as + not to V. 2. So that S + V + so that S + can/could/will/would (not) + V. Ví dụ: She works hard in order for her kid to have a better life. = She works hard so that her kid will have a better life. (Cô ấy làm việc chăm chỉ để con cô ấy có cuộc sống tốt hơn.) 1. Định nghĩa thì tương lai đơn Thì tương lai đơn trong tiếng anh (Simple future tense) được dùng khi không có kế hoạch hay quyết định làm gì nào trước khi chúng ta nói. Chúng ta ra quyết định tự phát tại thời điểm nói. Thường sử dụng thì tương lai đơn với động từ to think trước nó. 2. Cách dùng thì tương lai đơn + cấu trúc Cách dùng thì tương lai đơn Ví dụ về thì tương lai đơn Diễn đạt một quyết định tại thời điểm nói We will see what we can do to help you. I miss her. I will go to her house to see her. Đưa ra lời yêu cầu, đề nghị, lời mời Will you open the door? àlời yêu cầu. Will you come to lunch? àlời mời Will you turn on the fan? àlời yêu cầu. Will you go to this party tonight? à lời mời Diễn đạt dự đoán không có căn cứ People will not go to Jupiter before 22nd century I think people will not use computers after 25th century. Câu khẳng định Câu phủ định Câu nghi vấn S + will + V(nguyên thể) CHÚ Ý: – I will = I’ll They will = They’ll – He will = He’ll We will = We’ll – She will = She’ll You will = You’ll – It will = It’ll Ví dụ: – I will help her take care of her children tomorrow morning. (Tôi sẽ giúp cô ấy trông bọn trẻ vào sáng mai.) – She will bring you a cup of tea soon. (Cô ấy sẽ mang cho bạn một tách trà sớm thôi.) S + will not + V(nguyên thể) CHÚ Ý: – will not = won’t Ví dụ: – I won’t tell her the truth. (Tôi sẽ không nói với cô ấy sự thật.) – They won’t stay at the hotel. (Họ sẽ không ở khách sạn.) Will + S + V(nguyên thể) Trả lời: Yes, S + will./ No, S + won’t. Ví dụ: – Will you come here tomorrow? (Bạn sẽ đến đây vào ngày mai chứ?) Yes, I will./ No, I won’t. – Will they accept your suggestion? (Họ sẽ đồng ý với đề nghị của bạn chứ?) Yes, they will./ No, they won’t 3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì tương lai đơn Trong câu có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong tương lai: – in + thời gian: trong nữa (in 2 minutes: trong 2 phút nữa) – tomorrow: ngày mai – Next day: ngày hôm tới – Next week/ next month/ next year: Tuần tới/ tháng tới/ năm tới Trong câu có những động từ chỉ quan điểm như: – think/ believe/ suppose/ : nghĩ/ tin/ cho là – perhaps: có lẽ – probably: có lẽ MODAL “WILL” TO MAKE REQUESTS, OFFERS, PROMISES “Will” được dùng trong một số trường hợp đặc biệt sau 1.Offers (ngỏ ý sẵn lòng muốn giúp ai làm gì) Ex: That bag looks heavy. I’ll help you with it. I need some money. Don’t worry! I’ll lend you some. 2.Promises (hứa hẹn làm điều gì) Ex: I promise I won’t tell anyone what you said. Thank you for your lending me the money. I’ll pay you back soon. 3.Requests (Yêu cầu ai làm gì) Ex: Will you shut the door, please? (Bạn làm ơn đóng cửa lại nhé) Will you please wait for me here? (Vui lòng đợi mình ở đây nhé) PASSIVE VOICE 1-Active into Passive rule: Active: S + V + O Passive: S +to be + PP +( by +O) Note: - Động từ ở câu chủ động ở thì (tense) hay thể (form) nào thì “be” ở câu bị động ở thì hay thể đó. - Khi ta không xem người thực hiện hành động (does) là quan trọng, thì “ by object” có thể bỏ đi. ( eg.S = personal pronoun: he, she, they, we, .... people; no one.. ) a.The simple present She cleans the floor everyday. ( S + V / Vs / es... ) Passive: The floor is cleaned everyday. (S + am/is/are/ +PP...) b.The present continous. Mr. Baker is repairing the car Passive: the car is being repaired by Mr Baker. ( S + am/ is/ are + being + PP...) c.The present perfect Someone has stolen the bicycles. ( S+ has/have + P.P...) Passive: The bicycles have been stolen. ( S+ has/have + been + PP...) d.The simple past Where did they find the drugs ? ( S + V2/ V-ed) Passive: where were the drugs found ? ( S+ was/ were + PP.....) e.The past continuous They were preparing luch when I came there yesterday (S+was/were + V-ing .... ) Passive: Lunch was being prepared when I came there yesterday.( S+ was/ were + being + PP.....) f.The past perfect She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm. ( S+ had + PP...) Passive: Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m (S+ had been + PP.....) g. Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, may/might must, have to, be going to, used to, ........ Active: S+ will/would, shall/ should... + bare-infinitive + object Passive: S + will/would, shall/shoul.... + be + past participle (+ by object). Ex: Police will destroy these drugs. Passive: the drugs will be destroyed by police. 2-Special cases a. Active: s1+ verb1( say/believe/think....) (that) +S2+verb2... Passive: Cách 1: It + be + PP (verb1) + s2 + verb2 .... Cách 2: S2+ be+ PP (verb1) + to- infinitive (verb2)... Ex: People say that he is crazy. Passive: It said that he is crazy He is said to be crazy. b. Negatives Ex1: No one has cleaned the floor lately. Passive: The floor hasn’t been cleaned lately Ex2: We didn’t do anything about it. Passive: Nothing was done about it. c. Who + V + object ...? Passive: - By whom..... ? - Who...... by? Ex: Who wrote this novel ? Passive: - By whom was this novel written ? - Who was this novel written by ? d. It + be + adjective + to -infinitive + sth Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + PP Ex: It is important to finish this exercise. It is important for this exercise to be finished e. Bare-infinitive + object Passive: Let + object + be + PP S + be + allowed / advised/asked/ supposed/ .... + to infinitive Ex1:Please open the door-> Let the door be opened Ex2: Turn on the light-> You are supposed to turn on the light. f.Causative form ( thức mệnh lệnh) Active: -S + have + sb+ bare-infinitive + st. / S + get + sb + to-infinitive + sth Passive: S + have + sth + PP. / S + get + sth + PP Ex1: She has had someone repaint the car./ She has had the car repainted Ex2: They got me to do the housework./ They got the housework done. ADJECTIVES FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE OR A NOUN CLAUSE 1. Adjective + to—infinitive (tính từ được theo sau bởi một động từ nguyên mẫu) + Động từ nguyên mẫu (to-infinitive) thường được dùng: – Sau các tính từ diễn tả phản ứng và cảm xúc như: glad (vui), sorry (lấy làm tiếc), sad (buồn), delighted (vui mừng), pleased (vui mừng), happy (vui, hạnh phúc), afraid (sợ), anxious (lo lắng), surprised (ngạc nhiên), shocked (sốc) ex: Tom was surprised to see you. (Tom ngạc nhiên khi thấy bạn.) He’s afraid to stay home alone at night. (Anh ấy sợ ở nhà một mình vào ban đêm.) I’m very pleased to see you here. (Tôi rất vui mừng được gặp anh ở đây.) I was sorry to hear that your father is ill. (Tôi lấy làm tiếc khi nghe rằng cha của anh bị ốm.) – Sau một số tính từ thông dụng khác như; right (đúng), wrong (sai), easy (dễ), difficult (khó), certain (chắc chắn), welcome (hoan nghênh), careful (cẩn trọng), important (quan trọng), interesting (thú vị, thích), lovely (đáng yêu), ready (sẵn sàng), lucky (may mắn), likely (rất có thể); good (tốt), hard (cứng, chăm chỉ), dangerous (nguy hiểm), safe (an toàn), và sau các tính từ trong cấu trúc ‘enough’ và ‘too’. He is difficult to understand. (Anh ấy thật khó hiểu.) The apples are ripe enough to pick. (Những quả táo đã đủ chín để hái.) English is not difficult to learn. (Tiếng Anh thì không khó học.) – Sau tính từ trong cấu trúc câu nhấn mạnh với chủ nghữ giả ‘it’. [ It + be + adjective + to-infinitive ] ex: We interesting to talk to you. (Nói chuyện với bạn thật thú vị.) It’s difficult to learn Japanese. (Học tiếng Nhật thì rất khó.) 2. Adjective + noun clause (that – clause). + Mệnh đề danh từ (noun clause) thường được dùng với các tính từ diễn tả xúc cảm, sự lo lắng, sự tin tưởng như: delighted (vui mừng), glad (vui), pleased (vui), relieved (nhẹ nhõm), sorry (đáng tiếc), afraid (e rằng, sợ), anxious (lo lắng), worried (lo lắng), confident (tin chắc), certain (chắc chắn), surprising (ngạc nhiên) [ Subject + be + adjective + noun clause (that – clause) ] I am delighted that you passed your exam. (Tôi rất vui vì anh đã vượt qua kỳ thi.) It was quite surprising that he passed the examination. (Thật đáng ngạc nhiên là anh ấy đã thi đậu.) I am afraid that I can’t accept this assignment. (Tôi e rằng tôi không thể nhận nhiệm vụ này.) Practice In order to, so as to: 1. He opened the window.He wanted to let fresh air in. ........................................................................................................................................................... 2. I took my camera.I wanted to take some photos. ........................................................................................................................................................... 3. He studied really hard.He wanted to get better marks. ........................................................................................................................................................... 4. Jason learns Chinese.His aim is to work in China. ........................................................................................................................................................... 5. I’ve collected money.I will buy a new car. ........................................................................................................................................................... 6. Many people left Turkey in 1960s.They wanted to find jobs in Germany. ............................................................................................................................................... 7. She attends to a course.She wants to learn chess. ........................................................................................................................................................... 8. Linda turned on the lights.She wanted to see better. ........................................................................................................................................................... 9. I will come with you.I want to help you. ........................................................................................................................................................... 10. We are going to cinema.We will watch a horror film. ........................................................................................................................................................... 11. You must take your umbrella so that you won’t get wet. ........................................................................................................................................................... 12. He waited at the counter.He wanted to see her. ........................................................................................................................................................... 13. We all put on our coats.We were feeling cold. ........................................................................................................................................................... 14. She’s studying because she wants to become a very important person in life. ........................................................................................................................................................... 15. I didn’t want to see them, so I didn’t open the door. ........................................................................................................................................................... 16. We went on with the deal because we didn’t want to leave them high and dry at the last minute. ........................................................................................................................................................... 17. I would like to take tomorrow off, as I want to accompany my husband to the doctor. ........................................................................................................................................................... 18. They went on a hunger strike because they wanted to get better conditions in gaol. ........................................................................................................................................................... 19. They bought a country pad because they wished to have some peace and quiet. ........................................................................................................................................................... 20. I’ve just bought a CD player, since I want to give it to my daughter for her birthday. .......................................................................................................................................................... Future simple Bài 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc: 1. They (do) it for you tomorrow. 2. My father (call) you in 5 minutes. 4. We believe that she (recover) from her illness soon. 5. I promise I (return) school on time. 6. If it rains, he (stay) at home. 7. You (take) me to the zoo this weekend? 8. I think he (not come) back his hometown. Bài 2: Dùng từ gợi ý viết thành câu hoàn chỉnh. 1. She/ hope/ that/ Mary/ come/ party/ tonight. 2. I/ finish/ my report/ 2 days. 3. If/ you/ not/ study/ hard/,/ you/ not/ pass/ final/ exam. 4. You/ look/ tired,/ so/ I/ bring/ you/ something/ eat. 5. you/ please/ give/ me/ lift/ station? Modal will to make request, offers and promises 1. Can you open the window please? A. No, I won't mind. B. Yes I will. C. Sure. 2. Could you help me? A. Yes I will. B. What seems to be the problem? C. Peter is not around. 3. Would you mind waiting a little bit? A. Yes, I'll wait. B. No. C. Of course. 4. Could you fax this paper for me? A. Sure. Who's faxing it? B. Sure. Where's the fax machine? C. Sure. How much is it? 5. Don't ever be late again. A. I will. B. I won't. C. Yes, sure. IV. Passive forms 1. My father waters this flower every morning. 2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night. 3. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen. 4. We should clean our teeth twice a day. 5. Our teachers have explained the English grammar. 6. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city. 7. Tom will visit his parents next month. 8. The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning. 9. Did Mary buy this beautiful dress? 10. I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room. 11. The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War. 12. The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day. 13. Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema. 14. The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week. 15. Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum? 16. Some people will interview the new president on TV. 17. How many languages do they speak in Canada? 18. Are you going to repair those shoes? 19. He has broken his nose in a football match. 20. Have you finished the above sentences? V. Adjective followed by an infinitive/a noun clause 1. They were excited. Their friend had given birth to a beautiful baby. 2. I'm quite pleased. You keep your promise. 3. We're happy. She had a successful surgery. 4. I was shocked. She married a shorter man than her. 5. She was upset. He had left without saying goodbye. 6. She was quite confident. Everything would go as planned. 7. He is proud. His daughter has so much talent. 8. I'm sorry. I can't join with you. 9. I'm afraid. The tickets have been sold out. 10. He was surprised. She pretended not to recognize him.
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