Đề cương ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 9 - Học kì I

NG SANG CAÂU BÒ ÑOÄNG:
1. Xaùc nhaän S, V, O cuûa caâu chuû ñoäng
2. Laáy O ( taân ngöõ) cuûa caâu chuû ñoäng döa ra laøm chuû ngöõ cuûa caâu bò ñoäng.
3. Xaùc ñònh thì cuûa ñoäng töø trong caâu chuû ñoäng vaø chuyeån theo coâng thöùc.
4. Laáy S ( chuû töø ) trong caâu chuû ñoäng chuyeå thaønh O (taân ngöõ) cuûa caâu bò ñoäng sau “BY”
Löu yù : 
* By + O : ñöùng tröôùc traïng ngöõ chæ thôøi gian vaø sau ttraïng ngöõ chæ nôi choán.	 
	 	a. The police found him in the foresst.
 	b. He was found in the forest by the police.
	 	c. Mr Brown bought the house last week.
 	d.The house was bought by Mr Brown last week.
- Ñoái vôùi moät soá ñoäng töø coù 2 taân ngöõ : taân ngöõ tröïc tieáp (direct object: chæ vaät) vaø taân ngöõ giaùn tieáp (indirect object chæ ngöôøi ) neáu laáy taân ngöõ tröïc tieáp laøm chủ ngöõ thì phaûi theâm giôùi töø tröôùc taân ngöõ giaùn tieáp.
Ex: He sent me a postcard.
 D.O I.D.O
 I was sent a postcard.
 A postcard was sent to me.
EXERCISES:
 rewrite these sentences into passive form:
1.They grow rice in tropical countries .	
2.They are building a new bridge in the area. .	
3 . People should stop experiments on animals. 	
4. They will produce five million bottles of champagne in France next year. 
5.They bought two new cars last year.
6.They have just introduced a new style of jeans in the USA.
7.My mother gives me money every week.
8.We have to improve all the schools in the city.
9.Somebody was cleaning the room.
10.They are going to build a new bridge in this area.
III/ PREPOSITIONS : Giới từ
Prepositions of time:
 * at :	 	 at 4. o’clock	at night	 at present
	 at Christmas	at once ( ngay lập tức) 	 	 at lunchtime
 at Easter	at the moment 	 	 at midnight
 at last	at weekends	 at sunset
 at the age of fifteen ( at fifteen)
 * in: 
 	-Năm:	In 2005	-Tháng: in June	Buổi: in the morning/ afternoon/ evening
 - 	in time (đúng giờ )	- Mùa: in Winter/ Summer . . .
 * on: 
	-on Monday	- on March 10th	-on time 
 * between: (giữa)	between 10am and 11am
 * before:	(trước)	Before 7.00 
 * after: 	(sau)	After 4pm
 * up to :	He will be in Singapore from Monday up to Thursday.	
 * till / until ( cho đến ) 	Mr. Thanh has appointments till 10pm
 * for: 	For three days
 * Since	since Monday/ 2005 . . .
 * during	During the summer
 * 
 Prepositions of place:
 * at:	at home	at the theater	at the seaside
	at the grocer’s	at school	at the corner of the street
	at the top of ( the mountain	) at the bottom	at the beginning
	at the back of 
 *in: 	in the room	in the box	in Ha Noi
	in Lon don	in England	in the middle of
* on:
	on the table	on foot	on TV
	On radio	on the beach	on holiday	
* to: ( chỉ sự di chuyển ) 	to school	
* into : ( vào trong)	I’m going into the dinning-room.
* out of :	( ra ngoài)	He came out of the house.
	She is looking out of the window.
*under:	( ở dưới )	The cat is under the table.
* next to/ beside : bên cạnh 	Ex: Mary is sitting next to / beside Tom.
* near: ở gần
* opposite	: đối diện
* between: ở giữa	The hotel is between the toy store and the bookstore
IV/ REPORTED SPEECH ( caâu töôøng thuaät/ caâu giaùn tieáp)
* Để biến đổi một câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp cần:
1. Đổi chủ ngữ và các đại từ nhân xưng khác trong câu trực tiếp theo chủ ngữ của thành phần thứ nhất.
2. Lùi động từ ở vế thứ 2 xuống một cấp so với lúc ban đầu.
3. Biến đổi các đại từ chỉ thị, phó từ chỉ thời gian và địa điểm theo bảng qui định. 
Direct speech
Reported speech
Direct speech
Reported speech
 1. Tense
- Simple present 
( V / Vs-es ) 
- Present continuous
 ( am/is/are+V-ing)
- Present perfect
(have/has+ V3/ed)
- Simple past (V2/ed)
- Past continuous
(was/ were +V-ing)
- Past perfect
* will
* can
* must/have to
- Simple past ( V2/ed) 
- Past Continuous
(was /were +V-ing)
- Past perfect
(had + V3/ed)
- Simple past/ past perfect (V2/ed )or: 
 ( had+V3/ed)
- Past perfect continuous( Had+ been +V-ing)
- Past perfect
* would
* could
* had to
 2. Adverbs of time
- yesterday
- last week
- last night 
- ago 
- now
- today
- tonght 
- tomorrow
- next week
- here 
- this
- these

- the day before / the previous day
- the week before / the previous week
- the night before
- before
- then
- that day
- that night
- the following day
 - the following week
- there
- that
- those

 1. Commands and requests ( caâu meänh leänh vaø yeâu caàu) : thöôøng baét ñaàu vôùi ñoäng töø hoaëc ñeà nghò : can you . . .? 
 S + told, asked, ... + O + ( Not ) TO – infinitive
 ( O : Object ( taân ngöõ ) : me, her, him, them, us, . . .)
Ex: 1.He said to us, “ Do your homework carefully”.
 à He told us to do our homework carefully.
 2. She said to me “ Can you help me with this work ?”
 à She told me to help her with that work.
 3. He said, “ Don’t leave the room”
 à He ordered them not to leave the room.
2 / Statements: ( caâu phaùt bieåu / caâu noùi) thöôøng ñöôïc môû ñaàu baèng nhöõng ñoäng töø nhö: SAY, TELL
 S + said 	 (that) S + V ( luøi thì, ñaûo ngöõ)
 S +	told sb 
 	Ex: 1.Nam said “ I am a student” à Nam said (that ) he was a student.
	2. The boy said to me “ I go to school by bus.”
	à The boy told me (that) he went to school by bus.
2. Nga said to her mother, “ I met my old friends on the way to school this morning”
	- Nam told his mother (that) she had met his old friends on the way to school that morning.	
3/ Yes - No question :
S + 	 asked + (O) + If/ Whether + S + V (luøi thì, ñaûo ngöõ)
 wanted to know
Ex: - “ Do you live here?” , he asked me.
 He asked me if I lived there.
 - “ Did you watch the film on TV last night, Tom?”
 He asked if Tom had watched the film on TV the night before.
4/ WH - questions: 
S +	 asked + O + What/ when/ why ,... + S + V (ùluøi thì, ñảo ngữ)
 wanted to know
Ex: - 1. She asked me, “ what is your name?”
	à She asked me what my name was.
Tom asked mary,” where will you stay?”
 à Tom asked Mary where she would stay.
 3. He said to me “ Who did you go to the cinema with?”
 He asked me who I had gone to the cinema with.
* Chuù yùï : Khi ñoåi töø caâu tröïc tieáp sang caâu giaùn tieáp, ta khoâng ñoåi thì ôû meänh ñeà tröïc tieáp trong caùc tröôøng hôïp sau duø caâu noùi tröïc tieáp ñoù ôû thì quaù khöù
1.Đoäng töø trong meänh ñeà tröïc tieáp coù thôøi gian xaùc ñònh roõ laø naêm nào.
Ex: She said “ I was born in 1980”
 She said that she was born in 1980.
2. Caâu tröïc tieáp dieãn taû moät chaân lyù.
Ex: He said , “ The sun rises in the east”.
 He said (that) the sun rises in the east.
3. Caâu tröïc tieáp coù: Could, would, should, might, used to, ought to, would rather, had better,... 
Ex: Tom said to me : “ You had better go to the dentist”.
 Tom told me that I had better go to the dentist.
EXERCISES
 Put the following sentences into reported speech:	
A/ COMMANDS AND REQUESTS:
1.Andrew said to me, “ clean the blue bike!” 	
2. David said, “ Dance with me!” 	
3. Miss Black said to her husband: “ Can you wait for me outside my office?”
4. The teacher said to the students: “ Do your homework now!”
5. My mother said : “ Don’t eat so much junk food!” 	
 B/ STATEMENTS: 
 1. Bob said: “ I’m going to work in Spain next year.” 	
 2. He said: “ my mother will go to Ha Noi tomorrow.”
3. Mary said: “ I was writing a letter yesterday.” 	
4. Susan said: “ I don’t have much time to enjoy myself.”
5.Ba said: “ I must finish my report, so I have to get back to work now.”
6. Nam said to Mai: “ I will be 15 years old next year.”
7. “ we didn’t eat fish two days ago.” Said Andrew 
8. Lan and her sister said : “we have cleaned the windows”	
C/ YES/NO QUESTIONS:
 1.She asked me, “ Are you married?” 	
 2. He asked me, “ Do you know my address?” 	
 3. He asked me, “ can you speak any foreign languages?”
 4. Robert asked me, “ Is Tim leaving today? 	
 5. Bob asked me, “ will it rain tomorrow?” 	
 6. Linda asked, “ Did you fly to London two weeks ago?” 
 7. Mary asked her teacher, “ must I do my homework this afternoon?”
 8. She asked me, “ do you like working abroad?” 	
 9. John asked Lucy, “ did you watch the lastet film?”
 10. He asked me, “ are the boys reading the book?”
D/ WH - QUESTIONS:
 1. She asked me, “ Where are you going?” 	
 2. Mary asked, “ when will you return?”. 	 
 3. he asked me, “ where do you live?”	
 4. The man asked her, “ how long have you worked in your present job?
 5. My friend asked me, “ what do you do in your spare time?”
6. I asked Ba, “ when can you start?” 	
 7. He asked me, “ what’s your name?” 	
 8. Nancy asked, “ why didn’t Nick go to New York last summer?”
	 Nancy wanted to know 	
 9. Ba asked Lan, “ when did you leave the party yesterday?”
10. I asked Lan, “ how will you use English in the future?”	
 E/ MIXED TYPES:
“Are you going to vivit your aunt tomorrow?” asked Tom.
“Listen to me and don’t make a noise,” said the teacher to his students.
 3. “I’m tired of eating fish” said Mary to Helen.
“ The sun rises in the east,” said our teacher.
“Where are you going for your next holidays?” asked Martha.
“You must do your homework now,” said Miss Lan to us.
7. “Do you want to see the picture?” said the guide.
8.The teacher said, “Nam, you must do your exercise by yourself.”
9.Mary asked, “ when will you return, John?”
10. “ I should try to learn this lesson,” Tom said.
11.She said, “ I met him last year.” 	
12. John said, “ I have done my exercise.” 	
V/ TAG - QUESTIONS: ( câu hỏi đuôi)
 	 1. Positive sentence + negative tag
Ex:You like watching sports, don’t you?
 	Sentence tag -question
2. Negative sentence + Positive tag
Ex: You don’t like watching cartoon, do you?
 Positive tag
* Intonation of question tag:
+ If the speaker doesn’t normally need information but merely expects agreementà use falling intonation
+ If the speaker does want information, he is not quite sure that the statement is true, and wants to be reassuredà use rising intonation
	 3. Special cases:
 1.Let’s go to the movies, shall we?
 2.Open the door, will you?
	 3. Don’t talk in class, will you?
 4.I am tall, aren’t I?
 5.Everything is ready, aren’t they?
 	 6.Nothing is important, is it?
EXERCISES
Put a question tag on the end of these sentences:
Kate won’t be late,	?
You’re tired, 	?
You’ve got a camera, 	?
Sue doesn’t know Ann, 	?
Nam did the work well, 	?
He used to beat his brother, 	?
Mary can’t swim, 	?
I’m too impatient, 	?
Come and see me tomorrow, 	?
let’s go out tonight, 	?
Everybody looks happy, 	?
Don’t drop that vase, 	?
there’s an examination tomorrow, 	?
That’s the soft of thing you would do, 	?
à đã từng / thường
S + used to + V ( bare infinitive )
VI/ USED TO
1. A Past habit: 
To express an action happened regularly in the past, but no longer happens now.
à quen với söï vieäc ôû hieän taïi)
S + be/ get used to + V-ing 
Ex: Sue used to travel a lot ( she traveled a lot regularly in the past, but she doesn’t do this any more.)
A present habit: 
To express something that is not new or strange for somebody now.
Ex: Paul is used to living alone . ( he doesn’t mind this because he has lived alone for fifteen years. It is not strange for him)
VII/ ADVERB PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF RESULT : ( Cụm từ và Mệnh đề chỉ kết quả)
Adverb phrases of result: 
Too  ( quaù  khoâng theå)
 S + Be ( look,seem, become, get . . . ) + too + adj ( for +O ) + to –V
 S + V ( ordinary) + too + adv ( + for + O ) + to –V.
	Ex: 	He is too tired to cook dinner.
	Nam ran too slowly to become the winner of the race.
	The mountain is too difficult for us to climb.
Enough : ( ñuû  ñeå coù theå )
 S + Be + adj + enough ( for +O ) + to –V
 S + V ( ordinary) + adv + enough ( + for + O ) + to –V.
	Ex: 	 Mary is old enough to go to school.
	She speaks Spanish well enough to be an interpreter.
	The weather is fine enough for them to go camping.
* Note : F too + adj = not + adj + enough
	Ex: 	Little Gerry is too young to walk to school.
Little Gerry is not old enough to walk to school. 
we use enough before nouns: We haven’t got enough time 
Averb clauses of result:
a) So + adj + that  ( quaù  ñeán noãi)
* S + Be 	 + So + adj 	 + 	that S + V
* S + V ( ordinary) + So + adv 	+	 that S + V.
	EX: It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything.
	The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
Note : 
+ Neáu sau “ so” coù many, much, few, little thì ta coù caáu truùc:
 S+V+ So many/ few + Plural countable noun + that S +V
Ex: 	The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own basball team.
 S+V+ So much/ little + uncountable noun + that S +V
Ex: 	 The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.
	+ Moät caáu truùc cuûa so . . . that: 
 S+V+ So +adj + a + singular countable noun + that S +V
Ex: 	 It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoor.
Such . . . that ( quaù  ñeán noãi)
 S+V+ Such + (a/an) + adj + N + that S +V
Ex: 	It was such a hot day that we decided to stay at home.
	It was such nice weather that we spent the whole day on the beach.
So / Therefore + Clause: vì theá
 * Clause of reason, so + clause of result. 
 * Clause of reason ; therefore, + clause of result.
Ex:	The parkers are nice, so Van feels like a member of their family.
	It’s a very fine day; therefore, we decide to go for a picnic.
EXERCISES
I/ Make sentences with “so  that”
The lesson is very difficult. Nobody can understand it.
2. The work is very hard. I can’t finish it on time.
3.This novel was very interesting. I couldn’t put it down.
4.This song is very simple. All of us can sing it.
5.My brothers and sisters were very excited about the trip. They couldn’t sleep.
II/. Make sentences with “such  that”
The house is very expensive. Nobody can buy it.
2. The boy is very nice. We all like him.
3. The weather was very cold. We couldn’t go out.
4.The room was very dark. I couldn’t see anything.
5.The day was nice. We decided to go to the beach.
III/.Combine two sentences, using “ so that” or “such  that”
The sun shone brightly. Maria had to put on her sunglasses.
2. Dean was a powerful swimmer. He always won the races.
3.There were few students registered. The class was cancelled.
4.The house was beautiful. I took a picture of it.
5.this coffee is hot. I can’t drink it.
6.This is a good film. I want to see it again and again.
There was a lot of food. Everyone ate too much.
8. There were a lot of guests. There wasn’t enough food.
9.Dvid has a lot of work to do. He can’t come tonight.
10.Mary has a beautiful voice. We all like to hear her sing.
VII/ VERBS FOLLOWED BY –ING or TO – INFINITIVE 
(Cách dùng V-ing và động từ nguyên mẫu có “to”)
Verbs + To-infinitive
Verbs + Gerund
Verbs folowed by gerund or to-infinitive without changing the meaning
English 
Vietnamese
English 
Vietnamese
English 
Vietnamese
Agree
Appear
Be able
Care
Decide
Hope
Intend / plan
Know how
Learn/study
Promise
Wait
Want 
Offer
Refuse
Ask (+O)
Tell ( + O )
Would like
prepare
đồngý
xuất hiện
có thể
quan tâm
quyết định
hy vọng
có kế hoạch , có dự định
biết cách 
học
hứa
chờ, đợi
muốn 
cung cấp, dâng, tặng
từ chối
yêu cầu (ai)
bảo(ai)
muốn
chuẩn bị
Avoid
Enjoy
Mind
miss
Dislike/detest
Hate
Love
Save
Delay
Escape
Deny
Keep
Suggest
Prefer
Consist of
Succeed in
Look forward to
Apologize for
Depend on
Think about
Believe in
Insist on
Put off
Practice
Think of 
Keep on
Rely on
Care for
Give up
Lead to
Return to
 Worry about
Finish
Tránh
Thích
phiền
nhớ, bỏ lỡ 
không thích
ghét
thích
cứu, tiết kiệm
trì hoãn
trốn thoát
phủ nhận
tiếp tục
đề nghị
thích  hơn
bao gồm
thành công về
mong đợi
tha lỗi
phụ thuộc vào
nghĩ về
tin tưởng
nài nỉ
hoãn lại
luyện tập
nghĩ về
tiếp tục
dựa vào (ai)
thích
từ bỏ
dẫn đến
trở lại
lo lắng về
hoàn thành
.
Begin 
Start
Continue
Can’t bear
Intend

bắt dầu
“”
tiếp tục
không thể chịu được
dự định
I/ GERUND: Danh động từ
 	1/ “ Gerund” thường được sử dụng sau một” adjective+ preposition” :
 Different from, proud of, worried aout, good at , afraid of, excited about, fond of, interested in, tired of, aware of, surprised at,.
2/ “ Gerund” thường đi sau: Be/ get used to, be no good / use (chẳng ích gì), spend time , have difficulty in , can’t face ( không thể đương đầu)
3/ Advise, allow, permit, recommend:
Có object thì dùng To-infinitive. Không có object thì dùng gerund
Ex: He doesn’t allow smoking in his house.
 He doesn’t allow anyone to smoke in his house.
4/ Need, require, want:
Nếu chủ từ là người thì động từ theo sau là to-infinitive; 
Ex: He needs to do his homework.
Nếu chủ từ là vật thì động từ theo sau là gerund:
Ex: This room is dirty. It needs cleaning ( needs to be cleaned)
5/ Remember, forget, regret:
Nếu động từ theo sau là một gerund thì diễn dạt hành động đã làm trong quá khứ.
Ex: I remember meeting him somewhere ( Tôi nhớ đã gặp anh ta ở đâu dđó rồi)
Nếu đông từ theo sau là to- infinitive thì nhắc nhờ hành động sẽ được làm ở hiện tại.
Ex: I remember to lock the door before going out. ( Tôi nhớ khoá cửa trước khi đi)
6/ Stop:
 	- Stop + Gerund : có nghĩa: ngừng việc đang làm
	Ex: We stopped talking when the teacher came.
Stop + to-infinitive : có nghĩa ngừng việc đang làm để làm một việc khác.
EX: He stops to smoke. (anh ta dừng lại để hút thuốc)
7/ Try: 
Try +to –infinitive: cố gắng làm gì đó.
Ex: I try to learn English.
Try + gerund : thử
Ex: I try taking medicine to stop cold. ( Tôi thử uông thuốc xem có hết cảm không.)
8/ Like: 
Like + to- infinitive = want , muốn làm điều gì tốt hay có lợi.
Ex: He likes to do his work carefully.
Like + gerund: thích thú, say mê ( chỉ sở thích)
Ex: She likes listening to music.
9/ Sau các động từ tri giác : see, hear, feel, smell, watch:.
	a) S + O +V-ing: thấy hoặc xem một sự việc đang xảy ra: 	
I saw him walking along the street
Ex: He was walking along the street.	 .
 I saw this when I drove past in my car .
 b) S + O + V (bare infinitive) : Thấy hoặc xem một sự việc đã xảy ra.
Ex: I saw Tom get into his car and drive away.
II/ BARE – INFINITIVE: Được dùng trong các trường hợp sau :
Sau động từ khiếm khuyết: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, ought to, have to
Ex: I can speak English.	 Ex:	 She should stay at home.
Sau các động từ : Make, let, help 
Note: Help + O + To-infinitive / V (bare inf.)
Ex: Let me help you.
	 He makes her cry. 
	He helped my friend do / to do the homework.
Trong cấu trúc truyền khiến của động từ “ have”:
S + HAVE / HAS + O (ng ư ời) + V ( bare inf.)
Ex: I have my brother do my homework. ( tôi nhờ anh tôi lam bài tập giúp tôi)
S + HAVE / HAS + O ( V ật ) + V(PP) 
 Ex: I have my homework done ( by my brother) .
Sau các động từ như : had better, would rather ( tốt hơn )
S + 	Had Better/ Would Rather + (Not) + V ( Bare Infinitive)
Ex: You would rather go with him.
Ex: You had better tell him the truth. 
EXERCISES
I/ Use the correct form of the verbs in parentheses:
I intend ( study) .. English.
I’m looking forward to ( meet) .. the film again.
We have decided ( meet) .. them at 6.00.
She enjoys ( go)  to parties and ( dance)  in discos all night.
Ann offered ( take)  care of our children when we were out.
Don’t you mind ( travel)  such a long distance to work everyday?
I don’t need ( go) . to the meeting.
He hoped ( drive) .. car before the age of eighteen.
Try to avoid ( make)  him angry.
She’s preparing (cook)  the meal for us.
It’s no use ( wait) . for her.
You are expected ( know) . The regulations of the college.
I suggest ( telephone)  the hospital because his health is very bad.
They want ( return) .. their homeland.
Don’t forget ( bring) .. your invitation card when you come there.
 He tried ( read) . as much as possible on this topic but there wasn’t enough time.
 I tried ( borrow) . money from Jane but she couldn’t help me.
 They make us ( laugh)  a lot.