Đề thi chọn học sinh giỏi quốc gia lớp 12 THPT năm 2007 môn Ngữ văn(Có đáp án)

 
deserts and semiarid plains during hot, calm days. The principal 
cause of whirlwinds is intense insulation, or incoming solar radiation
receiving by the earth, which produces an overheated air mass just 
above the ground. This air masses rises, usually in the form of a
cylindrical column, sucking up loose surface material, so as dust, sand, 
and leaves. Whirlwinds vary in high from 30 to 152 m, but exceptionally 
vigorous dust devils may exceed 1524 m in height. The vortices of 
whirlwinds range in size from a little meters to several hundred
meters and, depend on their force and size, dust devils may 
disappear in seconds and last several hours. Brief whirlwinds are
erratic in motion, but the longer-lasting ones move slow with the prevailing winds.
Part 3: Write the correct FORM of each bracketed word in the numbered spaces provided in the column on the right.(0) has been done as an example. 
Usually, (0. PROFESSION) translators work from a foreign language 
0. Professional
into their mother tongue to reduce (41. ACCURATE) translation and 
for better style. Much translation is of scientific or (42. COMMERCE ) 
material and this kind of work often requires an (43.UNDERSTAND) 
of technical vocabulary and (44. SPECIAL) language. Not all 
(45.TRANSLATE) are in full-time employment but those who usually 
work for large industrial concerns or for public (46. ORGANISE).The 
main personal characteristic needed to be a successful translator 
is a (47. WILLING) to attend to detail. In addition, it is 
(48. DESIRE) for translators to know at least two foreign languages. 
The wider the (49. VARY) of languages they can offer, the greater 
the (50. LIKELY) that work will be available.
Part 4: Supply the correct form of the VERBS in block capitals in brackets to complete the passage. Write your answers in the space provided below the passage. 
The statistics on the safety of flying (51. BE) ______ immensely comforting. It seems that the chances of being involved in an accident (52. BE) _____ a million to one – the equivalent of flying safely everyday for 95 years. Try telling that to the white-faced, petrified aero-phobic, who (53. SEE) ______ every frown on a stewardess’s face as a portent of disaster. For some years now, psychologist Henry Jones (54. TRY) ______to tell them, and he (55. DO) ______ a lot more besides. He has developed both a theory and practice for treating air travel anxiety. Apparently, it is a widespread phobia. One American survey (56. PUT) _____ it as the fourth most common fear, preceded only by snakes, heights and storms. Jones (57. HAVE) _____ nearly 500 clients during the last decade. Before they (58. COME) ______ to him, some of his clients (59. never FLY) _____, others had just one bad experience after years of flying. One man (60. TAKE) _____ over 200 flights a year for 5 years and (61. never WORRY) ______ up till then. Then, one day on a flight to Chicago the pilot (62. ANNOUNCE) _____ that they (63. GO) ______ to turn back because of an engine fault. The man had a panic attack and tried to get off the plane in mid-air. After Jones’s course, the man (64. OVERCOME) ______ his fears and (65. MANAGE) _____ to fly again.
Your answers
Part 5: Fill in each blank with a suitable PREPOSITION. Write your answers in the numbered blanks provided below the passage.
The likelihood (66) _____ living to be a hundred has increased enormously over recent years, largely due to improvements (67) _____ health care and diet. It seems to me as I journey (68) _____ life that people generally seem content (69) ____ whatever age they are. Very few of middle-aged friends think (70) _____ nostalgically to their long-gone teenage years; years fraught with lack of confidence, trying to establish relationships with the opposite sex, and often (71) ____ conflict with one’s parents. No, they feel in the prime of their life. On the other hand, when they look (72) ____ the future and inevitable old age, their feelings are more ambiguous. Of course they hope for a long life, but what if suddenly, or (73) ___ degrees, there is a deterioration in their health or mental faculties, and they become a burden on their friends and families? No one can insure (74) ____ such a thing happening. To be hale and hearty and a hundred years old is one thing, but to be afflicted (75) ______ all manners of aches, pains and senile wanderings of the mind is quite another.
Your answers
Part 6: Insert A, AN, THE or Φ (zero article) where necessary. Write your answers in the numbered spaces provided under the passage.
Most of the joggers who are overweight are reasonable for talking and worrying about their weight. Since many people start jogging to lose (76) _____ weight (perhaps you’re one of them) it is not surprising that body size is important. More and more people are on (77) _____ diet, 50% of (78) _______ women and close to 25% of the men in (79) _______ US are watching what they eat. Body weight is (80) _____second most talked about topic among joggers, heart disease and high blood pressure are (81) ______ first! There are many factors that affect your weight. They include: body type, (82) _____ diet, exercise level, sex and age. What may be (83) ______“ideal” weight for you at (84) ______ age of 27 may not be ideal when you’re 54. And your ideal weight will probably be different during racing season when you’re in (85) ______ specific training phase.
Your answers
III. READING (4 points)
Part 1: Choose the word that best fits each of the blanks in the following passage. Circle A, B, C, or D to indicate your answer. (0) has been done as an example.
SECRETARIES
What’s in a name? In the case of the secretary, it can be something rather surprising. The dictionary calls a secretary “anyone who (0)	 correspondence, keeps records and does clerical work for others”. But while this particular job (86) 	 looks a bit (87)	__, the word’s original meaning is a hundred times more exotic and perhaps more (88)	___. The word itself has been with us since the 14th century and comes from the medieval Latin word secretaries meaning “something hidden”. Secretaries started out as those members of staff with knowledge hidden from others, the silent ones mysteriously (89)	 the secret machinery of organizations. 
A few years ago “something hidden” probably meant (90) 	out of sight, tucked away with all the other secretaries and typists. A good secretary was an unremarkable one, efficiently (91)_______ orders, and then returning mouse-like to his or her station behind the typewriter, but, with the (92)_____ of new technology, the job (93) 	upgraded itself and the role has changed to one closer to the original meaning. The skills required are more (94)	_ and more technical. Companies are (95)	 that secretarial staff should already be (96)______ trained in, or at least familiar with, a (97)	 of word processing packages. In addition to this, they need the management skills to take on some administration, some personnel work and some research. The professionals in the (98)_____ business see all these developments as (99)	_ the jobs which secretaries are being asked to do. 
It may also encourage a dramatic (100)	 in office practice. In the past it was usual to regard the secretary as almost dehumanized, to be seen and not heard. 
0
orders 
handles 
runs 
controls 
explanation 
detail
definition
characteristic
elderly 
unfashionable 
outdated 
aged
characteristic
related
likely
appropriate 
operating 
pushing 
vibrating 
effecting 
kept 
covered 
packed 
held 
satisfying 
obeying 
completing 
minding 
advent 
approach
entrance 
opening 
truly 
validly 
correctly 
effectively
thorough
demanding 
severe
critical
insisting 
ordering 
claiming 
pressing 
considerably
highly 
vastly 
supremely 
group
collection
cluster
range 
appointment 
hiring 
recruitment 
engagement 
improving 
intensifying 
advancing 
heightening 
turn
change 
switch 
swing 
Part 2: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow by circling A, B, C, or D to indicate your answers.
Line
1
5
We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade! 
Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning. 
10
In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyse and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teachers. 
15
20
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this effectively. An advanced pupil can do advanced work; it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal. 
In the passage, the author’s attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching” is ______.
critical 
questioning 
objective
approving 
The words “held back” in line 1 means “______”.
made to remain in the same classes
prevented from advancing 
forced to study in lower classes
made to lag behind in study
The author argues that a teacher’s chief concern should be the development of the pupils’ ______. 
personal and social skills 
learning ability and communicative skills
intellectual abilities 
total personality
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? 
Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.
Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with others. 
Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning ability.
Group work provides the pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable organizers. 
The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to ______. 
recommend pair work and group work classroom activities
offer advice on the proper use of the school library
argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class
emphasise the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
It’s not good for a bright child to find out that he performs worst in a mixed-ability class.
Development of pupils as individuals is not the aim of group work.
Pupils cannot develop in the best way if they are streamed into classes of different intellectual abilities.
There is no fixed method in teaching pupils to develop themselves to the full. 
According to the passage, which of the following is an advantage of mixed-ability teaching?
Pupils as individuals always have the opportunities to work on their own.
Pupils can be hindered from an all-round development. 
A pupil can be at the bottom of a class.
Formal class teaching is the important way to give the pupils essential skills such as those to be used in the library.
Which of the following statements can best summarise the main idea of the passage?
Children, in general, develop at different rates.
The aim of education is to find out how to teach the bright and not-so-bright pupils.
Bright children do benefit from mixed-class teaching.
Various ways of teaching should be encouraged in class. 
According to the passage, “streaming pupils” _____.
will help the pupils learn best
is the act of putting pupils into classes according to their academic abilities 
aims at enriching both their knowledge and experience
is quite discouraging 
According to the author, mixed-ability teaching is more preferable because ______.
it doesn’t have disadvantages as in streaming pupils 
children can learn to work with each other to solve personal problems
it aims at developing the children’s total personality 
formal class teaching is appropriate 
Part 3: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable heading from the list A => I for each paragraph. There are three extra headings which you do not need to use. Write your answer in the space provided. (0) has been done as an example.
Insufficient access to education
Rural poverty 
Realistic aims 
Education in developing countries 
Rural primary education for the few 
Educational ideals
Financing education
A view of the future 
Rural populations of developing countries 
EDUCATION FOR THE RURAL DISADVANTAGED
0
I
The vast majority of people in the developing countries live in rural areas on farms, in villages, or in rural market towns. In some countries, such as Rwanda, Burkina Faso and Malawi more than 90 percent of the total population lives in the rural areas. 
111
The prediction is that the rural populations of the less-developed countries will increase significantly in the decades to come. The UN predicts these will increase from 1.9 billion in 1970 to 2.6 billion by 1990. Thailand’s rural population alone will increase from 30.6 million in 1970 to 570 million by the year 2000. Furthermore, because of high birth rates and declining infant mortality rates, more than half of the rural population of developing countries is under 20 years of age. This raises serious implications for education. 
112
The main purpose of education is to provide everybody (not only those in urban areas) with relevant knowledge, skills, attitudes and ideas which will enable them to lead more fulfilling, productive and satisfying lives. To assert that everyone has a “right” to education has little practice meaning unless this “right” is translated into terms of some “minimum package” of attitudes, knowledge and skills for all people in a given society. To do otherwise is to create a privileged class at the expense of everyone else. Vague objectives such as “giving every child a good basic education” are meaningless when huge sections of the population are getting little or no education at all. 
113
People in rural areas suffer from inadequate education facilities and opportunities. In most rural areas in developing countries, the out–of-school group constitutes a vast majority of the whole population from, say, 10 to 20 years old. For all practical purposes, they are beyond the reach of formal education but no section of the community should be unchanged by its educational system. 
114
Where there are rural primary schools they benefit far fewer rural young people than educational statistics often imply. Primary schools, instead of being the great equalizers of educational opportunity they were meant to be, are the great discriminators. In the rural areas, they equip only a small minority of the young for effective and satisfying adulthood. The majority of rural youngsters are used to living out the ignorance and poverty. 
115
This vicious circle has to be broken; the goal must be to provide everybody with basic knowledge and skills. Rather than attempt to enroll every child for a seven or eight year cycle of primary schooling, which is not financially feasible anyway for many countries for many years to come, the strategy should be a shorter four to five year primary cycle to provide every child with the minimum educational needs - literacy, numeracy, health education and those technical and business skills needed to make a decent living. This primary education should be geared for the large majority who will not continue their studies beyond this stage, who will enter straight into productive life. 
Part 4: Fill each blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in the space provided under this passage.
The literal meaning of "advertise" is "to make us turn toward something". When we see an ad, we turn our thoughts toward the (116) _____; we notice and remember what it says. At least, that is what the (117) _____ wants us to do. Sellers would have enormous problems transacting any business without advertisements. For example, if Apple or IBM or Texas Instruments (118) _____ a new product like a personal computer, we would not know about it if these companies could not or did not advertise. Women and men in business know very well that as advertising increases, so do sales.
(119) _____, the consumer benefits from advertising as well. Ads permit the public to buy intelligently. By reading the bank ads, for example, we might decide to (120) _____ our money from our current bank to one offering better rates or more convenient (121) _____. In addition, a traveler can save hundreds of dollars (122) 	 transcontinental airfares by comparing the ads in the travel section of the newspapers. 
Of course, nothing is perfect. Even the strongest (123) _____ of advertising admit there are many problems. Some argue that commercials unnecessarily (124) _____ into every waking minute of our lives. We simply cannot get away from the pounding, incessant messages. Because ads permeate radio and television, we find (125) _____ singing their silly jingles and repeat their "cute" lines. Sellers admonish us to buy through a profusion of techniques; hard sell, soft sell, music, comedy, and appeals to all our emotions and fears.
Your answers
IV. WRITING (6 points)
Part 1: Finish the second sentence in such a way that it means the same as the sentence before it.
126. The director and the chief accountant did not get on well.
The director was not on ................................................................................................................. 
127. The fourth time he asked her to marry him, she accepted.
Only on ........ ................................................................................................................................
128. I shall never lend Robert any money, no matter what happens.
Under no........................................................................................................................................
129. Do you think Sally will be able to come here?
Is there ........................................................................................................................................
130. The likelihood of their having any work to offer me in the foreseeable future is nil.
It is not ........................................................................................................................................
Part 2: For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to it. Use the word given on the right, and this word MUST NOT be changed in any way.
131. He shouted as loudly as he could, but nobody heard him. (top)
	.....................
132. His French has improved so much that he is virtually fluent now. (degree)
	....................
133. Jane is not at all afraid about traveling abroad on her own. (holds)
	....................
134. The music teacher was the only member of staff not to attend the farewell party. (exception)
	..................
135. Have you decided to enter the poster competition? (go)
	.................
Part 3: Write a description of the data given in the table below. You should write about