Đề thi chọn học sinh giỏi THPT cấp tỉnh môn Tiếng Anh - Năm học 2016-2017 - Sở GD&ĐT Ninh Bình (Đề 2) (Có đáp án)

ut (10. SEQUENCE)...classes usually consist of a group of students and take place over a period of about four days. The aim is to learn how to slip into a deeper state of consciousness for twenty minutes a day. The rewards speak for themselves. 
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III: The passage below contains 10 errors. Underline the mistakes and write corrections in the numbered box. Number 0 has been done as an example. (1.0 point)
Smallpox was the first wide disease to be eliminated by human intervention. In May, 1966, the World Health Organization (WHO), an agency of The United Nations was authorized to initiate a global campaign to eradicating smallpox. The goal was to eliminate the disease on one decade. At the time, the disease posed a serious threat to people in more than thirty nations. Because similar projects for malaria and yellow fever had failed, a few believed that smallpox could actually be eradicated but eleven years after the initial organization of the campaign no cases were reporting in the field. The strategy was not only to provide mass vaccinations but also to isolate patients for active smallpox in order to control the spread of the disease and to break the chain of human transmission. Rewards for reporting smallpox assisted in motivating villagers; as a result, patients with active smallpox were removed from contact with other and treated. At the same time, the entire village where the victim had lived was vaccinated. By April of 1978, WHO officials announced that they had isolated the last known case of the disease but health workers continued to search for new cases for two additional years to be complete sure. In May, 1980, a formal statement was done to the globe community. Today smallpox is no longer a threat to humanity. Routine vaccinations have been stopped worldwidely.
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IV: Complete each sentence with the correct form of ONE of the two-word verbs in the box. Write your answers in the numbered box. (1.0 point)
soldier on
catch on
set upon
crack down
kick off
go round
set in
phase out
see through
ease off
get by
ask after
1. There should be enough plates to ..
2. What awful weather! It looks as if the rain has .for the day.
3. Someone .you in the club yesterday.
4. Out-of-date computers will bein schools to allow updated models to be introduced.
5. The police decided toon drug offenders, and staged a number of early morning raids.
6. Despite having had two heart attacks, Jack decided to....at work until he reached retirement age.
7. How does she  on such small salary?
8. I’m looking forward to the matches. What time do they .. ?
9. That style looks so old-fashioned; I don’t think clothes like that will ever .
10. I can’t understand how your father managed to  that man; He had deceived all of us.
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PART C: READING COMPREHENSION. (5.0 points)
I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the passage with one suitable word. Write your answers in the numbered box. (2.0 points)
WATER ON THE MOON
	As a result of the recent discovery of lunar water, the moon has suddenly become a far more interesting place for investors, who must now view the long-term prospects with optimism. The last manned mission to the moon drew (1).................a close in 1973, when two astronauts from Apollo 17 climbed back into their lunar module, (2)............... collected a lot of moon-rock, but bereft(3)............... any future plans. Now the moon shines brighter for astronauts and scientists alike, (4)................ to the existence of (5)................. might be billions of tones of water at its poles.
	There is (6)................. high-tech substitute for water in space exploration. To support the international space station, it has cost at least $100,000 a day to send water (7)............... orbit. Not only would lunar water cut these costs, but it would additionally be used for rocket fuel, (8).................two components, liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, are the elements found in water.
	Scientists are particularly excited (9).............., given the absence of an atmosphere, lunar water has never been recycled and they believe, therefore, that it may very well hold (10). to the formation of the solar system itself. 
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II: Read the following passage and answer the following questions. Write your answers in the numbered box. (2.0 points)
Overtaking Concorde
	The obvious response of airlines faced with overcrowded airports such as those in Tokyo, Osaka, Hong Kong and many others is to put more people into each aircraft, meaning that big is beautiful. For trunk routes, wide-bodied jets are the way to go for economic efficiency. Aircraft and engine manufactures have done their bit by tweaking airframes to reduce drag and fuel-burn over the years, bringing basic operating costs down.
	But this path of development is now approaching the end of worthwhile technological improvements, with only two new extensions left. First involves the Airbus A330 and the Boeing 777, both now being developed, which will both be seen in the colors of various Asian airlines in the mid to late 1990s. When these designs are pushed to their ultimate from over a few years of increasing engine power, both will be in effect twin-engined 747s so far as capacity is concerned – high-volume people movers ideal for Asia’s regional trunk routes.
	The second path is to scale up capacity using four engines, and Airbus and Boeing are both looking at designs for what will be effectively giant 747s, with 600-700 seats and either side-by-side double fuselages (Airbus) or a full-length double deck (Boeing). Neither type is expected to appear in less than 10 years, but when they do, among obvious applications will be trans-Pacific and Asia-Europe routes.
	But the speed of these new types will be in the same range as that of virtually all jet transports since their inception in the 1950s and 1960s: Mach 0.8-0.85 (80% - 85% of the speed of sound), a zone mandated by the limits of subsonic aerodynamics, the historic cost of materials and, latterly environmental considerations such as noise and air-pollution from engines.
	The only exception used in commercial service is the Anglo-French Concorde, still flying regular supersonic trips across the Atlantic 15 years after its introduction. But Concorde has been the shoal on which other dreams of supersonic airlines have foundered: a spectacular technical success for its time, it is an equally spectacular commercial failure, with only 14 entering commercial service. It is too noisy, too small, drinks fuel and has only been viable – at premium fares – because its development costs were written off by the British and French governments.
	The message for those with supersonic ambitions has been that if you cannot do better than Concorde, do not even try.
	However, parts of the philosophy which led to Concorde still apply, and are leading to hopes that supersonic transport may be only a matter of 15-20 years away. First is that everyone would like to reach their destination faster, instead of spending boring hours confined in a metal tube. And second is that increasing an aircraft’s speed also increases its potential productivity, meaning less units needed to do the same amount of work.
	Various consortia in the U.S., Europe and Japan are now undertaking studies to define the market, the product and the technology necessary to bring this about, though the target date of 2005 is thought to be highly optimistic by most. Some of the efforts seem to focus on high technology for its own sake, with applications to be found later: Japan, for instance, has teamed up with four major Western engine manufacturers in an eight-year, US $224 million programs to develop a “variable cycle” turbo-ramjet capable of operating at Mach 5, or about 4.800 km per hour.
	But a study by Boeing indicates that, for commercial success, a supersonic transport should fly at about half this speed, or only slightly faster than Concorde, for economic and environmental reasons. Boeing’s thinking was the result of its involvement in a project with the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to look at commercial supersonic flight in 1986. By 1988, impressed with the apparent potential shown by its studies, Boeing set up a team to do preliminary design work and look at technological development.
	Boeing’s market projections were based on worldwide passenger flows doubling by the year 2000 to 4.8 million passengers a day, or a rate of 5.9% a year – slightly higher than its own more recent estimate of 5.2%. Boeing then looked at the scheduled international market, which accounts for 23% of the total, and took out routes of less than 2,500 nautical miles as uneconomic for supersonic flight. It also eliminated routes which are mostly over land, because of concern about sonic booms. What remains in the year 2000, says Boeing, is a group of trans-Pacific, Asia- Europe and trans-Atlantic routes which will account for 315,000 passengers a day, a figure which will grow to 607,000 a day by 2015. This, according to Boeing, is a potential market for 1,000-1,500 supersonic transports with 5,000 nautical miles’ range, a cruising speed of Mach 2.4 and a capacity of 250-300 passengers.
	With this design basis, a non-stop Los Angeles-Tokyo trip would take only four hours and 18 minutes, compared with 10 hours 18 minutes today. And even with one stop on longer flights, the time saved is dramatic: Los Angeles to Sydney would be 7 hours 18 minutes, including an hour’s stop in Honolulu, compared with today’s non-stop subsonic flying time of 14 hours.
Questions 1-3: In the box below are what are to be done in the aircraft making industry. Answer the questions 1-3 by choosing letters A-H in the box below. Please note that some questions need more than one letter. Write your answers in the numbered box.
A. Build more airports and improve airport facilities.
B. Use liquid hydrogen as fuel to increase engine power.
C. Develop the latest models of two-engined jumbo jets.
D. Develop the latest models of four-engined jumbo jets.
E. Increase aircraft’s productivity.
F. Send people to their destination more quickly.
G. Improve technology for engines so as to reduce noise and pollutants.
H. Renew study of and ultimately the production of supersonic jets.
Question 1. According to the passage, what three in the above list are actions taken to fly more people and fly them faster?
Question 2. Which one in the above list is an action taken to produce better engines for supersonic jets?
Question 3. Which two in the above list are reasons for future supersonic transport?
Questions 4-6. Complete the table below. Write your answers in the numbered box.
departure
arrival
time
Stopover (Y/N)
Supersonic
Los Angeles
Tokyo
4 hr 18 min
(4)..
subsonic
Los Angeles
Tokyo
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N
Supersonic
Los Angeles
Sydney
7 hr 18 min
(6)..
subsonic
Los Angeles
Sydney
14 hr
N
Questions 7-10: Use NO MORE THAN THREE words/numbers to answer the following questions. Write your answers in the numbered box.
Question 7. How many Concorde aircraft are now in commercial service?
Question 8. What is the likely speed that the new supersonic jets will fly at?
Question 9. What is the capacity that Boeing is aiming at for the new supersonic jets?
Question 10. What is the number of passengers in the year of 2015 that Boeing is now thinking of when projecting the market potential for supersonic aircraft?
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III: Read a newspaper article about a couple deciding to live underground. Five sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap (1-5). There are two extra sentences which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the numbered box. (1.0 point)
A
In the coming years, underground homes can be space saving in a crowded country.
B
The light coming in through them should create interesting lighting effects in the central living area and reduce the need for artificial light.
C
Because an earth-sheltered home is so effectively insulated, there is virtually no loss of heating and, therefore, significantly reduced heating bills.
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A few months later, along with his wife, Sarah, he is about to become one of the few Brits who live below the earth.
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The couple have since used a special drill to cut three large square holes in the roof, which will soon support three glass pyramids.
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Instead, they found a sweet-smelling 10m by 20m space, 4m high. 
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What’s more, they are naturally protected from wind and draughts.
LIVING UNDERGROUND
Timothy Scott was leisurely leafing through a local newspaper when he saw a small advert for a “concrete reservoir for sale”. (1) ______ The couple, known locally as ‘the moles’, have decided to go underground not just because they want one of the most unusual homes in Britain, but for good ecological reasons too.
The first time the couple climbed down a dangerous old iron ladder to inspect the inside of the reservoir; they expected to descend into meters of mud and water. (2)______ The massive concrete roof, and the earth above it, was supported by eight large original brick pillars.
‘We knew immediately that it would make a wonderful home,’ says Timothy. (3) ______ These will be the main source of light and heat for the house. Natural light will spread through glass walls to the three bedrooms, two bathrooms and kitchen off the central area.
‘We expect virtually no heating bills,’ Timothy says. ‘The surrounding earth and the inside-of the walls should provide an ample storage area for the solar energy we gain through the pyramids during the day. (4)______ We estimate that this will cut our electricity bills by at least a third.’
The couple’s belief in the benefits of living underground is genuine. Living underground which is quite common in America, in parts of Spain and in China, has many advantages for families. A considerable amount of money is saved on energy and maintenance bills, and earth-sheltered homes are free from most forms of noise and have a low fire risk. (5)______ . Earth sheltering also provides greater security. And at the same time a building that will last about 500 years. There are fewer than a dozen earth-sheltered homes in Britain, which makes their inhabitants into pioneers of a sort.
Building this way is also compatible with the new conservationist methods. Society is going to have to look at energy usage, and underground homes can be space saving in a crowded country. To avoid living in ‘shoe boxes’ and to keep agricultural green, there is really only one way of building: underground. ‘In 100 years’ time or less,’ says Timothy, I believe that large numbers of people will be living in earth-sheltered homes in Britain.’
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PART D: WRITING. (5.0 points)
I. Read the following extract and use your own words to summarize it. Your summary should be between 120 and 140 words long. (2.5 points)
MODERN SURGERY
The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals and anesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.
In the early years of the twentieth century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been devised up to that time. Today the situation is different, operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of 60 years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live a comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation.
The scope of surgery has increased remarkably. Its safety has increased too. The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations.
Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include the replacement of damaged blood vessels with stimulated ones made of plastic; the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as the lens of the eye; the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.
One of the most revolutionary areas of modern surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few years ago, no person, except an identical twin, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of x-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have been reasonably successful in animals, though rejection problems in humans have yet to be solved.
'Spare parts' surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is still a dream of the distant future. As yet, surgery is not ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctor says to you. 'Yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition.'
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