English word formation

English Word FormationDeny A. Kwary 	 	Airlanga UniversityTypes of Word FormationCompoundingPrefixationSuffixationConversionClippingBlendsBackformationAcronymsOnomatopoeiaEponymsToponyms1. CompoundingDefinition: Two or more words joined together to form a new word. Examples:Home + work  homeworkPick + pocket  pickpocketThe meaning of a compound is not always the sum of the meanings of its parts.Types of compounds:Compound nounsCompound verbsCompound adjectivesCompound Nouns Boyfriend, hatchbackCut-throat, breakfastSunshine, birth controlSoftware, fast foodIn-crowd, overkillDrop-out, put-onNoun + NounVerb + NounNoun + VerbAdjective + NounParticle + NounVerb + ParticleCompound Verbs Carbon-copy, sky-diveFine-tuneOverbookBad-mouthNoun + VerbAdjective + VerbParticle + VerbAdjective + NounCompound Adjectives Capital-intensiveDeaf-muteCoffee-tableRoll-neckWhite-collarBefore-taxGo-goNoun + AdjectiveAdjective + AdjectiveNoun + NounVerb + NounAdjective + NounParticle + NounVerb-verb2. PrefixationClass-changing prefixes:a- 		asleep 	 V to Adjbe-		bewitch	 N to Ven-		enslave	 N to VClass-maintaining prefixes:in-	 	indefinite	 Adj to Adjfore-		foreman	 N to NEtc.3. SuffixationSuffixes forming NounsN from N: -dom  kingdomN from V: -ee  employeeN from Adj: -ce  dependenceSuffixes forming VerbsV from N: -ify  beautifyV from Adj: -en  shortenSuffixes forming adjectivesAdj from N: -al  educationalAdj from V: -able  understandableAdj from Adj: -ish  greenishSuffixes forming Adverbs: -ly, -ward, and –wise.4. ConversionDefinition: Assigning an already existing word to a new syntactic category.Types of ConversionVerb to Noun: to hit  a hitAdj to N: a final game  a finalN to V: a sign  to signAdj to V: an empty box  to empty5. ClippingDefinition: Shortening a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllablesExamples:Gasoline  GasHamburger  Burger delicatessen  microphone 	 deli mike6. BlendsDefinition: Similar to compounds, but parts of the words are deleted.Examples:Motor + hotel  MotelBreakfast + lunch  Brunch Wireless + Fidelity Sheep + goat  Wi-fi Shoat7. Back-formationsDefinition: Creative reduction due to incorrect morphological analysis. Examples:editor (1649) 	 edit (1791)television (1907) 	 televise (1927)Paramedical (1921)	 paramedic (1967)8. AcronymsDefinition: Words derived from the initial letters of several words and use them as a new word Examples:Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Treats	 SWOTSelf-contained underwater breathing apparatus	 SCUBA9. OnomatopoeiaDefinition: Words created to sound like the thing that they name.EnglishJapaneseTagalogIndonesianCock-a-dooKokekokkoKuk-kakaukKukuruyukMeowNyaNiyawMeong 10. EponymsDefinition: a person after whom a discovery, invention, place, etc., is named. Examples:Celcius (Anders Celcius)Cook Islands (James Cook) 11. ToponymsDefinition: a place name, especially one derived from a topographical feature.Examples: Montana (‘mountains’ in Spanish)Mississippi (‘big river’ in Chippewa)Identify the type of word formation:1. information, commercials  Informercials2. Babysitter	 babysit3. Demi + god  Demigod4. Do + able  doable5. A catalogue 	 to catalogue6. Drama + comedy  dramedy7. Game + pad  gamepad8. Greek + god  Greek god= Blend= Back-formation= Prefixation= Suffixation= Conversion= Blend = Compound= CompoundThat's all...Deny A. Kwary 	 	Airlanga University