Ôn tập chương trình Anh 9

c định ở quá khứ : last week / month / year . . ., a week / 3 days / 5 months . . . , yesterday, yesterday morning / even. /s/,/tS/, /S/.
Ex : laughed , asked , helped , watch , pushed , dressed , 
+ “ ED”: đươcï đọc là /id/ khi những động từ nguyên mẫu có âm tận cùng là /d/ và /t/
Ex : needed , wanted , waited , ..
+ “ ED”: đươcï đọc là /d/ khi những động từ nguyên mẫu có âm tận cùng là các âm còn lại 
Ex : enjoyed , saved , filled ,.
4. Past progressive tense .
Use : Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra ở quá khứ và cĩ thời điểm rõ ràng .
- Form : + S + was/were + v-ing 	 
 - S + wasn't / weren't + V-ing .
 ? was / were + S + Ving ?
EX : I was watching TV at 9 o'clock yesterday evening .
 Was she playing tennis at 10 o'clock this morning ?
 They weren't doing their homework at 8 o'clock last night .
* Khi 2 hành động đều xảy ra ở quá khứ hành động nào xảy ra dài hơn ta dùng quá khứ tiếp diễn , hành động nào ngắn hơn ta dùng quá khứ đơn .
 EX : When I came , he was writing a letter .
 While I was cleaning the floor , the phone rang .
5. Present perfect tense( Thì hiện tại hoàn thành )
- Use :- Dùng để miêu tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng kết quả còn lưu đến hiện tại 
Form : + S + have / has + PP 	 EX : They have built that house for 2 months
 - S + Haven't / hasn't + PP	 He hasn't met me since October . 
 ? Have / has + S + PP ?	 Have you met him for a year ?
* For : Chỉ khoảng thời gian .	Ex: You have studied English for 4 years.
* Since: Chỉ mốc thời gian 	 Ex: She has studied English since 2003.	
 - Dùng để miêu tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra ( ta dùng với JUST)
 I have just done my homework .
 - Dùng để miêu tả một hành động được hoàn tất sớm hơn sự mong đợi (ta dùng với ALREADY) Ex: I have already finished this work.
 - Dùng để miêu tả một hành động từ trước đến giờ chưa hề hoặc không hề xảy ra ( ta dùng với EVER –NEVER) . Ex: Have you ever been to Hue? I have never gone. 
	 - Dùng để miêu tả một hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ tính đến nay đã xảy ra được bao lâu (FOR) hoặc đã xảy ra từ lúc nào (Since) .
 - Với trạng từ "yet" : Chưa , luơn đứng cuối câu ( Dùng trong câu nghi vấn và phủ định ) . EX : They haven't seen a Lion yet .
 Hoa hasn't done her homework yet .
6. Future simple Tense ( Thì tương lai đơn)
- Use : Diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra tại một thời điểm nào đó trong tương lai.
- Form : + S + will / shall + V + 	Ex: He will finish his homework tomorrow .
	 - S+ won’t / shan’t + V + ..	 Lan won’t go to the zoo next week.
	 ? Will / Shall + S + V + . ? Will you do this exercise ?
7. Near Future: Be going to ( thì tương lai gần )
- Form : S + is / am/ are + going to + Vinf
- Use : Dùng khi nói về một việc mà ai đó quyết định sẽ làm hay dự định sẽ làm trong tương lai. 
Ex : There is a good film on TV tonight. I’m going to stay home to watch TV .
- Note : Be going to còn dùng để dự đoán một tình huống có thể xảy ra 
Ex: I feel tired . I think I’m going to be sick.
8. Modal verbs:
	S + modal verbs + V-inf ...
Note: 
(modal verbs: can; could ; will; should ; would; may; might; be going to; must; have to)
EX : Nga can draw very well .
 Should he drink some orange juice ?
 My father has to go to the doctor .
Exercises 
Use the correct verbs in the sentences .
He ................... (paint) the ceiling at the moment.
Last night I ................... read in bed when suddenly I heard a scream.
............... ....................... (You/watch) television when I phoned you?
I (not go) . to school last Sunday.
I ................... (not/drive) very fast when the accident happened.
What ................... (you/do) at this time yesterday?
I saw Carol at the party. She ................... (wear) a really beautiful dress.
They (live) in Ho Chi Minh City since 1975.
Excuse me, I ......................... (look) for a phone book.Is there one near here?
 10. I ( go) to Hue tomorrow.
 11. My sister (work) in a bank.
 12. How long (you / know) ............................................... your best friend? - For 9 years. 
 13. He must ( go ) now . 
Keys 
1.He is painting the ceiling at the moment.
2.Last night I was reading in bed when suddenly I heard a scream.
3.Were you watching television when I phoned you?
4.I didn’t go to school last Sunday.
5.I wasn't driving very fast when the accident happened.
6.What were you doing at this time yesterday?
7.I saw Carol at the party. She wore a really beautiful dress.
8.They have lived in Ho Chi Minh City since 1975.
9.Excuse me, I am looking for a phone book.Is there one near here?
10.I will goto Hue tomorrow. 
11. My sister works in a bank.
12 . How long have you known your best friend ? For 9 years .
13. He must go now .
II. PASSIVE VOICE (bị động):
1. The present simple:
S 	+ V	 +	 O
S + to be (am / is / are) + V (p.p) + (by O)
Ex: 	- People grow rice in tropical countries.
	® Rice is grown in tropical countries.
2. The past simple:
S + was / were + V (p.p) + (by O)
Ex: 	- They built this school 3 years ago.
	® This school was built 3 years ago.
3. The present perfect:
S + have / has + been + V (p.p) + (by O)
Ex: 	 - Lan has cooked the food.
	® The food has been cooked by Lan.
4. The simple future:
S + will / shall + be + V (p.p) + (by O)
Ex: 	- They will produce five milion bottles of champagne next year.
	® Five milion bottles of champagne will be produced next year.
5. Modal verbs:
(can; could; will; would; should; may; might; be going to; have to; must ...)
S + modal verbs + be + V (p.p) + (by O)
Ex: 	- We can solve the problem easily.
	® The problem can be solved easily.
* Notes: by people; by them; by us; by everyone ... bỏ trong câu bị động.
Exercises : 
Change the following active sentences into the passive.
 a. They sell jeans all over the world.	
→ .....................................................................................................
 b. They sold their house last week.	
→ .....................................................................................................
 c. They have found oil in the Antartic.. 
→ ....................................................................................................
 d. They will build a new school in our village. 
→ ......................................................................................
 e. They did this exercise in 30 minutes.
 → ...................................................................................................
 f. We can do this exercise in 30 minutes.
 → ................................................................................................
 g. You must do this exercise carefully. 
→ ....................................................................................................
 h. We have to do this exercise carefully.
 → .................................................................................................
 i. They grow rice in tropical countries.
 → ....................................................................................................
 j. People should stop experiments on animals.
 → ........................................................................................
 k. Someone gave Mary this present an hour ago.
 → ....................................................................................
 l. You should invite Lan to the party. 
→ ......................................................................................................
Keys:
a Jeans are sold all over the world.
b.Their house was sold last week.
c.Oil has been found in the Antartic
d.A new school will be built in our village. 
e.This exercise was done in 30 minutes.
f. This exercise can be done in 30 minutes.
g..
III The unreal past with “Wish” 
1.For present actions. ( điều ước không có thật ở hiện tại )
 	V + ed
	V2	 
S1 + wish + S2	+ unreal past 	Be à were
	Can à could
Ex: 1. I can’t speak Chinese.
 à I wish I could speak Chinese.
 2. Lan doesn't understand the Grammar lesson.
 à She wishes she understood the Grammar lesson. 
 3. Today is Monday .
 -> I wish today were Sunday .
Exercises : 
Rewrite wish sentences 
I don’t know anyone in this class. 	à I ...........................................................................
The dictionary is very expensive.	 à I ....................................................................................
It’s a pity that my room is too small! 	àI ...........................................................................
She isn’t here.àHe ......................................................................................................
The students never go abroad.àThe students.........................................................................
Their team don’t play very well. àThey ................................................................................
The weather is bad today -> I ............................................................................................... 
Keys : 
1. I don’t know anyone in this class. 	à I wish I knew many people in this class 
2 The dictionary is very expensive. à I wish the dictionary weren't very expensive / (were cheap )
3. It’s a pity that my room is very small! 
àI wish my room were big / I wish my room were n't small
4. She isn’t here.	àHe wishes she were here
5. The students never go abroad.	àThe students wish they went aboard
6. Their team don’t play very well. àThey wish they played well .
7. I wish the weather were fine today / ( weren't bad )
IV. If clause ( Mệnh đề If ) : 
Revision: If - clause : type 1
IF clause
Main clause
Simple present
If Mr. Parker is busy,
Simple present
the three boys help him on the farm.
Simple present
If the weather is nice today,
Diễn tả khả năng ở tương lai
Simple future
we’ll have a picnic.
Simple present
If you want to attend the course,
Diễn tả khả năng, sự chắc chắn, sự cho phép, sự bắt buộc, sự cần thiết 
Modal verb
you must pass the written examination.
 EX : 
1. Please call me , if I fall asleep 
2. They will come to see him if he comes here .
* Exercise: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
	1. If I have the money, I (buy) a big house.
	2. If she (need) a computer, she can borrow mime.
	3. He must study hard if he (want) to pass the entrance exams.
	4. If he (not hurry), he may miss the train.
	5. If you (speak) more slowly, he can understand you.
* Keys: 1. If I have the money, I will buy a big house.
	2. If she needs a computer, she can borrow mime.
	3. He must study hard if he wants to pass the entrance exams.
	4. If he does not hurry, he may miss the train.
	5. If you speak more slowly, he can understand you.
V. Reported questions:
a) Yes - No questions:
S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V (lùi về quá khứ)
	" Are you hungry, Peter?"
	She asked Peter if (whether) he was hungry.
 b) Wh - questions:
Ex: 	- "Where do you live?" She asked me.
	® She asked me where I lived.
* Notes:
Direct speech
Reported speech
 Now
 today
 tonight
 tomorrow
 yesterday
 last night
 two days ago
 here
 this
 These
 then
 that day
 that night
 the next / following day
 the day before
 the night before
 two days before
 there
 that
 those
Ex:	- "I'll go to Hue tomorrow." Miss Chi said.
	® Miss Chi said she would go to Hue the following day.
	- "I'm having a wonderful time here." Mai said.
	® Mai said she was having a wonderful time there.
Change the following sentences into the reported speech.
 a) “How old are you?” 	
→ He asked him ..................................................................................................
 b) “Which grade are you in?” 
→ She asked him ..........................................................................................
 c) “I am in grade 9 now .” 	
→ He said .............................................................................................................
 d) “Do you live near your school?” 
→ He asked her ....................................................................................
 e) “I live far from my school.” 
→ She said .................................................................................................. 
 f) “Where do you live?” 	
→ He asked her .....................................................................................................
 g) “What’s the name of your school?” 
→ She asked me ..............................................................................
 h) “Can you use a computer?” 
→ He asked her ...........................................................................................
 i) “Is there a post office near here?” 
→ He asked .........................................................................................
 j) “I’ll be busy tomorrow.” 
→ Lan said ........................................................................................................ 
 k) “How do you go to school?” 
→ Mr. Pike asked me .................................................................................	
Keys:
 a) “How old are you?” 	
→ he asked him how old he was.
 b) “Which grade are you in?” 
→ She asked him which grade he was in
 c) “I am in grade 9 now .” 	
→ He said he was in grade 9 then.
 d) “Do you live near your school?” 
→ He asked her if/ whether she lived near her school.
 e) “I live far from my school.” 
→ She said she lived far from his school.
 f) “Where do you live?” 	
→ He asked her where she lived.
 g) “What’s the name of your school?” 
→ She asked me what the name of my school was.
 h) “Can you use a computer?” 
→ He asked her if/ whether she could use a computer.
 i) “Is there a post office near here?” 
→ He asked me if /whether there was a post office near here. 
 j) “I’ll be busy tomorrow.” 
→ Lan said she would be busy the following day
 k) “How do you go to school?” 
→ Mr. Pike asked me how I went to school.
VI. TAG - QUESTIONS:
Ex: 	- Alice likes apples, doesn't she?
	- She hasn't done exercises, has she?
	- You like watching sports, don't you?
	- Baird produced the first T.V pictures, didn't he?
	- Ann will be here soon, won't she?
	- Lan is a student, isn't she?
* Notes:
	♦ 	Everybody
	Everyone 	® 	they
	Nobody
	No one
 ♦ Everything	® 	it
	Nothing
	♦ 	Seldom
	Never	® 	câu hỏi là khẳng định
	Hardly 
	♦ 	Let’s ... , shall we?
Ex: 	- Lan never goes to school on Sunday, does she?
Note: 	- Nếu vế đầu là động từ đặc biệt như : to be, to have, can, could,. . . ta nhắc lại những động từ này ở phần câu hỏi đuôi, nhưng đối với động từ thường ta phải mượn các trợ động từ như: do, does, did. 	
Ex: Students don’t drink coffee, do they?
- Nếu vế đầu là câu khẳng định thì vế sau là câu hỏi đuôi phủ định và ngược lại .
- Nếu chủ từ là đại từ thì ta lặp lại nó nhưng nếu nó là danh từ ta phải đổi thành đại từ tương ứng Ex: Hoa can’t sing very beautifully, can she?
Note1 : - Nếu mệnh đề chính là câu mệnh lệnh thì câu hỏi đuơi sẽ là " will you ?" 
 - Nếu câu đề nghị bắt đầu bằng "Let's" thì câu hỏi đuơi là "shall we ? "
 - Nếu chủ ngữ và động ở mệnh đề chính là "I am" thì câu hỏi đuơi sẽ là" aren't I "
Note 2 : Ex : Nobody can deny the benefits of the internet , can they ? 
Exercises : 
His mother is very proud of him,....................................?
You are afraid of dogs,.....................................?
She doesn’t believe you,...................................?
I haven’t met you before,...................................?
The children weren’t surprised,........................................?
You gave him my address,.......................................?
Your sister can speak English well,......................................?
You have a new computer,..................................?
He didn’t wake you up this morning,......................................?
Let’s go for a walk,.................................?
The questions were very difficult,.............................?
Lan enjoys watching television after dinner,.............................?
Tam didn’t go to school yesterday,............................?
Your father bought you new books,...............................?
We should follow the traffic rules strictly,...................................?
Keys: 
1. His mother is very proud of him, isn’t she?
2. You are afraid of dogs, aren’t you?
She doesn’t believe you,does she?
4. I haven’t met you before,have I?
5. The children weren’t surprised,.were they?
6. You gave him my address,didn’t you?
7. Your sister can speak English well,can’t she ?
8. You have a new computer,haven’t you?
9. He didn’t wake you up this morning, did he?
10.Let’s go for a walk, shall we?
11. The questions were very difficult, were they?
12. Lan enjoys watching television after dinner.doesn’t she?
13.Tam didn’t go to school yesterday,did he?
14. Your father bought you new books,didn’t he?
15. ?
VII. ADVERB CLAUSE OF RESULT: (so: vì vậy, vì thế)
Ex: 	- Everyone felt tired and hungry, so they sat down under the tree and a snack.
	Everyone sat down under the tree and had a snack because they felt tired and hungry.
VIII.1. USED TO + Vinf : Đây là cấu trúc dùng miêu tả thói quen , một việc thường xảy ra trong quá khứ . Nó được thành lập với cụm từ USED TO + Động từ nguyên mẫu.
Ex: When I was young, I used to look after my younger brothers.
Note: Cần chú ý:
+ Used to + bare infinitive -> chỉ thói quen trong quá khứ (past habit)
Ex: When he was a boy, he used to go swimming.
+ To be + used to+ V-ing -> chỉ thói quen hoặc việc thường xảy ra ở hiện tại (present habit)
Ex : I am used to reading in the library.
2. GERUNDS AFTER SOME VERBS .
 Gerund ( Danh động từ ) là hình thức verb + ing , cĩ gốc là động từ và mang chức năng của một danh từ . Những động từ sau đây cĩ thể được theo sau là gerund 
Supply the correct form or tense of the verbs: 
1. They used to (go) swimming in the afternoon. 
2. He wishes he (be) a doctor.
3. Is Lan used to (write) to Maryam? 
4. I wish they (be) here tomorrow.
5. They started (write) the lesson before the teacher came in . 
6. We enjoyed (see) you and (hear) all your news.
7. I hate ( practice) (read) aloud without first (learn) the new words . 
8. She loves (swim) in the sea . 
9. I like (come) to school by bus , but I hate (stand) in the rain and (wait) for it. 
10 I love(eat) oranges , but I dislike (peel) them . 
3. Preposition of time ( Giới từ chỉ thời gian ) : at, in ,on, from . . . to, for, by
- AT : + một điểm thời gian cụ thể 	Ex : We have class at one o’clock.
	+ night	Ex : I sleep at night.
- IN : 	+ tháng/năm cụ thể	Ex : I was born 1994
	+ the morning/afternoon / evening	Ex : We have class in the morning.
- ON: + ngày trong tuần 	Ex : We have class on Monday.
	+ ngày tháng năm 	Ex: I was born on April 6, 2006
- FROM + một điểm thời gian + TO + một điểm thời gian
	Ex: We have class from 7.00 to 10.15
- FOR: + một khoảng thời gian : để nói rằng một cái gì đó diễn ra bao lâu rồi 
	Ex : We walked for 2 hours to reach the waterfall.
- BY: + một điểm thời gian 	Ex: Can you finish the work by five o’clock.
Exercises: 
Ba and Tam usually go fishing........................the weekends. (on, in, from, at)
The students will visit the capital.........................the summer. (on, in, at, of)
They heard a very strange noise............................midnight. (on, in, at, out)
Our little brother took a long nap from 1p.m.........................4p.m. (till, up, between, at)
The competitions will take place..........................