Ôn tập thi học kỳ & tốt nghiệp Tiếng Anh 12

have + V(3/ed) 
Notes : J Đối với câu điều kiện loại 2 (were) hoặc loại 3 ( had+V3/ed) , ta có thể đảo 
 ngữ và bỏ “IF”.
 J Unless = If  not : If clauses ž Unless
 Thể phủ định ž khẳng định ( mệnh đề chính không đổi )
 Thể khẳng định ž khẳng định (đổi động từ trong mệnh đề chính sang ngược thể ) 
 J V (bare inf) + O + or + Clause ž If + Clause ( phủ định ) , Clause
 Clause + by + V-ing ž If + Clause ( khẳng định ) , Clause
 Without + N / N phrase ,Clause ž If there be not + N / N phrase ,Clause 
16. Styles : 
 Œ Dùng tính từ thay cho danh từ ( hoặc ngược lại ).
  Dùng động từ thay cho danh từ ( hoặc ngược lại ).
 Ž Dùng trạng từ thay cho tính từ ( hoặc ngược lại ).
Notes : J Khi đổi ta cần lưu ý sự thay đổi của giới từ, tính từ , hoặc trạng từ trong câu.
 J Một số từ được sử dụng dưới dạng : Verb ĩ Noun 
 vTo look at ž To have a look at : nhìn vào
 vTo think about/of ž To give a though to : nghĩ
 vTo tend to ž To have a tendency to : có khuynh hướng
 vTo desire to ž To have a desire to : ao ước
 vTo decide to ž To make a decision to : quyết định
 vTo talk to ž To have a talk with : nói chuyện 
 vTo laugh at ž To give a laugh at : cười nhạo
 vTo contact sb ž To have contact with sb : liên lạc , quan hệ
 vTo love sb ž To fall in love with sb : yêu ai
 vTo call/ring sb ž To give sb a call/ring : gọi điện cho
17. Verb + Noun phrase + Preposition : 
E Catch sight of : 
E Lose sight of : 
E Make fun of : 
E Make use of : 
E Set fire to : 
E Take account of : 
E Take care of : .
E Take notice of : ..
E Take advantage of : 
E Take note of : ..
18. Prepositions following adjectives : Các giới từ theo sau tính từ
 J With At : clever , present , quick , skilful.
 J With With : acquainted , crowded , friendly , popular.
 J With In : interested , rich , successful.
 J With From : absent , different , safe.
19. Two – word verbs with “GO” :
ª Go over : look at sth carefully , inspect sth.
ª Go out : stop burning , be extinguished.
ª Go on :  take place,happen. ‚ continue without changing.
 ƒ continue speaking,after a short pause.
ª Go off : be fired , explode.
ª Go by : ( of time ) pass.
ª Go back : return.
ª Go away : leave a place.
ª Go along : progress,develop.
ª Go ahead :  be carried out , take place. 
 ‚ begin to do sth without hesitation. 
ª Go after : chase or pursue somebody.
ª Go up : (of prices) become higher. ª Go down : (of prices) become lower.
20. Tổng hợp môt số từ (có giới từ ) cần chú ý : ( Unit 1 ž Unit 9 ) 
@ Prevent  from + V-ing : ngănkhỏi
@ Object to + V-ing : phản đối
@ Apologize to someone for sth : xin lỗi ai về 
@ Accuse someone of : buộc tội ai về
@ Warn about : cảnh báo
@ Would rather + V(bare inf)/Clause(s.past)
@ Fail + to inf = not succeed in + V-ing
@ S(vật) + need to be + V(pp) 
 need + V-ing
 = S(người) + must + V(bare inf)
 need + to inf 
Eg : The grass needs to be cut / cutting 
 = I must cut the grass/I need to cut the grass.
@ Make + O + V (bare inf) / adj 
@ Turn into : chuyển thành
@ In this respect : về phương diện này
@ Throw out : ném , thải ra
@ Account for : nguyên nhân của
@ Care for (thích) , about (lo lắng)
@ At some length : một số chi tiết
@ Put question to : đặt câu hỏi cho
@ Satisfy with : hài lòng với
@ In good sense : theo lẽ thường
@ Protect  from : bảo vệ khỏi
@ Be up to = depend on : tùy thuộc vào
@ Get into : mắc phải
@ Come into being : ra đời , thành lập
@ Put in force : có hiệu lực
@ Aim toward : nhắm/ngắm về hướng
@ mount from : leo lên từ
@ Travel to and fro : đi đi lại lại 
@ Regard as : xem như 
@ Put aside : gạt sang một bên
@ Keen on : háo hức
@ On the whole :nhìn /nói chung 
@ Belong to : thuộc về
@ Ask for : hỏi xin
@ Combine with : kết hợp với
21. Prepositions : In , At , On
 u In is used with : years,centuries,parts of the day,decades,seasons,months.
 v At is used with : times,holidays,weekends.
 w On is used with : dates,days of the week,special days.
 x No preposition is used with : Expressions with Ago , Tonight , This morning  , tomorrow , tomorrow morning  , yesterday , yesterday morning  , last  , next  .
@ Since & For :  Since + a point in time. [ mốc thời gian ]
 ‚ For + a period of time. [ khoảng thời gian ]
26. Pronunciation :
 26.1 C “-ED”:
 a,When the verbs ends in /–t / or /–d / sounds,we pronounce the final syllable as:“id” 
 Eg: needed , wanted , decided , posted , added , waited , included , provided 
 b, After / s , ƒ , tƒ , k , p , f, x / sounds , we pronounce the final syllable as :“t” 
 Eg: stopped,cooked, missed , laughed , pushed , wacthed , packed , washed , boxed
 c, Another sounds , we pronounce the final syllable as :“d” 
 Eg: pulled , happened , married , smiled , opened 
Exercises : 
Ø worked Ø combed Ø described Ø arranged
Ø educated Ø smiled Ø reached Ø printed
Ø bathed Ø bathed Ø showed Ø thanked
Ø included Ø boxed Ø provided Ø camped 
 27. Prefix of degrees or sizes : 
 ŒOUT : ] Structure : 
Prefix OUT + Intransitive verb Š Transitive verb.
 Transitive verb + Object. Intransitive verb + without Obect.
 Eg : She lives happily. She outlived her husband by 10 years.
 ] Meaning : do sth better , faster , longer , etc. than
 SUPER + Noun / Adj. Eg: Superman , Supermarket , Supersonic
 ] Meaning : above , more than , better.
 ŽSUR + Noun / Adj / Verb. Eg: Surname , Survive 
 ] Meaning : over , above.
 SUB + Noun / Adj / Verb. Eg: Subway , Substandard , Subsonic 
 ] Meaning : under , lower / less than.
ÿ Bổ xung phần 6. ( Clauses and phrases of reason /concession ) Ì
Adjective D Noun
¶ Tired š Tiredness
¶ Sick š Sickness
¶ Ill š Illness
¶ Late š Lateness
¶ Kind š Kindness
¶ Lazy š Laziness
¶ Sad š Sadness
¶ Dark š Darkness
Adjective D Noun
¶ Important š Importance
¶ Different š Difference
¶ Absent š Absence
¶ Honest š Honesty
¶ Difficult š Difficulty
¶ Poor š Poverty
¶ Noisy š The noise
¶ Invent š The invention of
22. TO INFINITIVE – GERUND – & BARE INFINITIVE
Verbs followed by To-infinitive: 
 ‚Verbs followed by A (pro) noun + an infinitive:
1. Would Like : thích
2. Be Able : có thể làm
3. Be Willing : sẵn lòng
4. Be going to : sẽ
5. Desire : ao ước
6. Hope : hi vọng
7. Decide : quyết định
8. Want : muốn
9. Intend : có ý định
10. Expect : mong chờ
11. Promise : hứa
12. Command : ra lệnh/yêu cầu
13. Instruct : chỉ dẫn
14. Order : ra lệnh
15. Remind : nhắc nhở 
16. Manage : cố gắng xoay sở
17. Refuse : từ chối 
18. Believe : tin tưởng 
19. Agree : đồng ý 
20. Arrange : sắp xếp
21. Invite : mời 	
22. Offer : đề nghị
23. Demand : đòi hỏi/yêu cầu
24. Deserve : xứng đáng 
25. Seem : dường như 
26. Mean : muốn / có ý 
27. Pretend : dặn dò/giả vờ 
28. Ask	 : yêu cầu/hỏi
29. Beg	 : cầu xin
30. Appear : xuất hiện F
 Verb + noun / pronoun + to infinitive
1.Advise àShe advise me to wait until tomorrow
2.Allow àHe allowed me to use his car
3. Ask àI asked John to help us
4. Forbid àI forbid you to tell him
5. Permit àHe permitted the chilren to stay up late
6. Remind àShe reminded me to lock the door
7. Teach àMy brother taught me to swim
8. Warn àI warned you to be happy 
9. Encourage àHe encouraged me to try again
10. Invite àHarry invited the Johnsons to come to his party
11. Require àOur teacher requires us to be on time 
12. Expect àI expect you to be on time 
@Chú ý:
Nếu sau động từ không có Object thì dùng: V-ing
 à They allowed smoking here .
F 31. Threaten : đe dọa
32. Volunteer : tình nguyện
34. Hesitate : do dự / ngần ngại
33. Wish : ao ước
35. Encourage : khuyến khích 
36. Warn : cảnh báo/báo trước
37. Need : cần
38. Attempt : cố gắng 
39. Prepare : chuẩn bị
40. Sau tính từ
„ Verbs followed by Bare - Infinitive: 
1. Sau các động từ giác quan : 
See - Hear - Smell - Feel - Taste - Watch - Notice - Touch  
2. Let , Help , Make , Observe , Have 
3. Sau các động từ khiếm khuyết : can / could / may / might / must  
4. Would please , would rather , had better 
23 . The order of Adjectives : Trật tự tính từ
€ Determiner +  Opinion +‚ Size + ƒ Quality + „ Age + … Shape + 
 † Colour + ‡ Origin + ˆ Material + ‰ Purpose + Š Noun
Examples : 
€ Determiner : a/an/the/some/any/many/my/his ... /this/that/these/those ...
 Opinion : nice / wonder / excerllent / lovely / terrible / awful 
‚ Size : large / small / long / short / tall 
ƒ Quality : clear / busy / famous / important 
„ Age : old / new / young
… Shape : round/square/fat/thin/wide/narrow
† Colours : red / white / blue / green / black 
‡ Origin : British / Italian / Chinese / Japanese 
ˆ Material : brick / paper / plastic / wooden / silver / golden
‰ Purpose : alarm (clock) / tennis (court) / walking (boots) ...
Exercises : 1. She is holding ( handbag / shiny / small / a / black ).
 2. He has got ( tea / a / Japanese / cup / white / large / antique ).
 3. Jack has just bought ( racket / tennis / expensive / a ).
 4. ( Car / this / red / luxurious / Rolls-Royce ) is my father’s.
 5. ( Desk / small / that / Chinese / writing ) is mine.
24. How + Adj / Adv ? 
 24.1 @ Age : How old are you ?
 24.2 @ Height : How tall / high is he ?
 24.3 @ Distance : How far is it from your home to school ?
 24.4 @ Length : How long is this river ?
 24.5 @ Speed : How fast can you jog ?
 24.6 @ Width : How wide is your room ?
 24.7 @ Depth : How deep is this pool ?
 24.8 @ Weight : How heavy are those bags ?
 How much do you weigh ?
 24.9 @ Frequency : How often do you visit your parents ?
 Time: How long will you stay here ? 
 24.10 @ Quantity : How much is that shoes ?
 How many students are there in your class ? 
Exercises : 
1. They’ve stayed in Hanoi for 5 months. F How ?
2. His house is 250 square meters in width. F How ?
3. My sister receives 4 letters once a week. F How ?
4 .He spent 15 minutes cleaning his bicycle yesterday. F How  ?
5. A dozen of eggs costs 2 pounds. F How ?
Bảng đổi động từ
Direct speech
Simple present
Present progressive
Present perfect (Progressive)
Simple past
Will/Shall
Can/May
Indirect speech
Simple past
Past progressive
Past perfect (Progressive)
Past perfect
Would/ Should
Could/ Might
Bảng đổi các đại từ chỉ thị, phĩ từ chỉ địa điểm và thời gian
Today
Yesterday
The day before yesterday
Tomorrow
The day after tomorrow
Next + Time
Last + Time
Time + ago
This, these
Right now
Here, Overhere
That day
The day before
Two days before
The next/ the following day
In two days' time
The following + Time
The previous + Time
Time + before
That, those
At once
There, Overthere
 3. Conditional clauses : 
 Œ Real condition : Có thật
If clauses 
S + V(s/es) / am,is,are 
Main clauses
S + will/shall/can/may (not) + 
V(bare inf)
 Present unreal condition : Không thật ở hiện tại
If clauses 
S + V(2/ed) / were(not) 
Didn’t + V(bare inf)
 Main clauses
 S + would/could/should/might 
(not) + V(bare inf)
Present continuous
Past continuous
° S + AM / IS / ARE + V-ing
° S + WAS / WERE + V-ing
° S+Am/Is/Are + Being +V(pp)
° S+Was/Were + Being +V(pp)
Present/past perfect
° S + HAS / HAVE + V(pp)
 HAD
° S+ Has / Have + Been+ V(pp)
 Had
Modal verbs
° S + MODAL + V (bare inf)
° S + MODAL + Be +V (pp)
Modals : can,could,will,would,shall,should,may,might,must,used to,have to
,has to,had to 
 @ Chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là :I,we,you,he,she,it,they,people,someone,somebody
Khi đổi sang câu bị động là: by me,us,you,him,her,it,them,people,somebody
.thì bỏ đi.
 @ Chủ ngữ câu chủ động là anybody , anyone , anything  khi đổi sang
 câu bị động phải chuyển thành nobody , no one , nothing  và chuyển 
động từ sang ngược thể .
 @ Nếu trong câu chủ động có 2 tân ngữ, một trong 2 tân ngữ có thể làm 
chủ ngữ trong câu bị động.
 @ By + O đứng trước trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và đứng sau trạng ngữ chỉ 
nơi chốn trong câu bị động . 
 J Dạng nhờ bảo ( Causative forms ) :
 Active : S + have + O ( người ) + bare infinitive + O ( vật ).
 Passive : Ê S + have / get + O ( vật ) + V (pp) + by O (người).
 J Eg : I had him repair my bicycle yesterday. --> I had my bicycle 
 repaired ( by him ) yesterday.
 Eg : I get her to make some coffe --> I get some coffee made
5. Connectors: AND : She is a good and loyal wife. 
 BOTH ... AND : She is both good and loyal.
 AS WELL AS (Cũng như):He has experience as well as knownledge
 HOWEVER He is a very lazy student; however, he can pass all
 the exams easily. 
 THEREFORE ( bởi vậy, cho nên, vì thế, vì vậy)
 He violated the traffic signs, therefore he was punished. 
The only person to survive the earthquake was a young girl.
7. MODAL VERBS – MODAL PERFECT: Động từ khiếm khuyết – 
 khiếm khuyết hồn thành
 Can (có thể chỉ một khả năng): Chỉ có 2 hình thức hiện tại đơn (CAN) và 
quá khứ đơn (COULD). 
 Can you speak any foreign languages? 
 When we went into the house, we could smell burning.
7. 1. Must. Mustn’t, Needn’t: 
a. Must: cần thiết phải làm
	You haven’t got much time. You must hurry.
b. Mustn’t: cần thiết do đó không được làm
	You can tell Tom what I said but he mustn’t tell anybody else. 
(= It is necessary that he doesn’t tell anybody else)
c. Needn’t – Inf.: = don’t / doesn’t need to: Không cần
	You have got plenty of time. You don’t need to hurry (You needn’t
 hurry)
Must – Inf. (ắt hẳn): tiên đoán một sự việc xảy ra ở hiện tại và thể phủ 
định của nó là Can’t Inf. 
	Eg. He must be tired. ® He can’t be tired (not “Mustn’t”)
7.2 May / might: được dùng để nói về một sự việc hoặc hành động có thể 
xảy ra trong tương lai:
	Eg. I’m not sure where to go for my holidays but I may go to Italy. ( ( = Perhaps I’ll go)
 The weather forecast is not very good. It might rain this 
afternoon. ( (Perhaps it’ll rain)
	* Thể phủ định là May not hoặc might not (mightn’t)
Modal Perfect (động từ khiếm khuyết hoàn thành) là động từ khiếm 
khuyết có HAVE + P.P theo sau .Ta có các Modal Perfect sau đây:
1.Could have + P.P: rất có thể đã (diễn tả 1 khả năng đã có trong qua
 khứ, nhưng chưa được sử dụng tới).
2. Couldn’t have + P.P: Tất nhiên đã không thể (diễn tả 1 hành động 
hiển nhiên không thể làm được)
3. Should have + P.P: Đáng lẽ phải (diễn tả 1 lời khiển trách đối với 
1 hành động quá khứ đáng lẽ nên làm mà lại không làm)
4. Shouldn’t have + P.P: Lẽ ra không nên (diễn tả 1 lời khiển trách đối 
với 1 hành động quá khứ đáng lẽ không nên làm mà lại làm).
 đích.
 @ Phrases of Purpose : 
 Ä Main clause + To / So as to / In order to + Verb ( bare infinitive ). ÄMain clause + Not to / So as not to / In order not to + Verb ( bare 
@ Clauses of Purpose : 
 ÄMain clause + so that / in order that + S + can / could (not)+ 
 will / would 
 Verb (bare infinitive). 
 10. Comparision of Adjectives and Adverbs : Câu so sánh
 @ Equal Comparisions : 
 S + V + as / so + adj / adv + as + noun / pronoun.
 @ Unequal Comparisions : 
 Short adj / adv 
 S + V + More + long adj / adv+ + than + noun / pronoun.
 @ Superlatives : Short adj / adv 
 S + V + the + Most + long adj / adv + ( prepositional 
 phrase ) 
 @ Double comparations:L so sánh kép : Càng  càng 
 °The + short adj / adv + er + S + V , The + short adj / adv + er + 
 S + V.
 °The more + long adj / adv + S + V , The more + long adj / adv + 
 S + V.
11. CÁC HÌNH THỨC CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ :
	Trong câu, cĩ thể cĩ nhiều động từ. Trong đĩ cĩ 1 động từ chính phải
 được chia đúng thì, cịn những động từ khác thì được sử dụng 1 trong 3 dạng : 
V-ing, V(inf), hoặc to-V(inf) 
VM
+
[O]
+
[NOT]
+
V-ing
V(inf)
to – V(inf)
She enjoys
The news made
You had better
They decide
He advises
John regretted
her
me
not
not
not
dancing
cry
come late
to go to the beach
to smoke
buying the car
Có thật
1. Eg : She walks to school in thirty minutes. 
¯PHRASAL VERBS
- apply to sb for sth: nộp đđơn đđến. . . xin. . .
- ask sb for sth: hỏi xin ai/ yêu cầu ai về
- call back: gọi lại
- call up : goi dien
- catch up ( with) :đđuổi kịp, bắt kịp
- come up : xay ra, phat sinh
- drop in: ghe tham
- explain sth to sb: giải thích
- fall behind: bị tụt đđằng sau
- fill in : đđiền vào ( mẫu đđơn)
- fill up: đổ đầy 
- find out: discover information
- get along (with): hồ thuận với
- get in / on : buoc len
- get off: buoc xuong
- get over : recover : bình phục
- get through (with): ket thuc
- get up: thức dậy
- give back: tra lai
- give in: nhượng bộ, chịu thua
- give up: stop doing / having sth: ngưng, từ bỏ
- glance at sb/ sth: take a quick look at: liếc nhìn
- go away: đđi khỏi
- go by : trôi qua ( time )-
- go off: nổ ( bomb ), bắn ( gun), gõ 
- go on : tiếp tục
- go out: : tắt
- grown up: become an adult
- hurry up: làm nhanh
- keep on = continue : tiep tuc
- laugh at : chế nhạo
 - leave off: dừng lại
D. Verb + Noun + prepositions
1. catch sight of : thấy, gặp
2. lose touch with : mất liên lạc	
3. keep pace with : theo kịp 
- leave out : bỏ sĩt
- leave somewhere for. . .: rời 
 - look after : chăm sóc, trông nom
- look out : be careful
- look sth up: tra cứu
- look forward to : trơng chờ 
- make up :bịa ra
- make up of : chiếm, tạo thành
- make use of : su dung
- pick up : nhat, don
- point at/ to sb/ sth: chỉ
- put away: dat cho khac
- put back: dat tro lai
- put off = call off : hỗn lại
- put on: mặc vào
-run into = come across : tinh co gap
- search sb/ sth for sb/ sth: khám, xét, tìm
-take after: resemble: trông giống như
- take off : cất cánh, cởi ra
- throw sth at sb/ sth: ném, chọi vào
- throw away: vứt, ném, liệng
- try out : test : thử nghiệm
- turn down: giam, khong chap nhan
- turn off: switch off : tắt (đèn, quạt. ..), shut off
- turn on: switch on: mở (đèn, quạt . . )
- turn round: quay lại
- turn up : đđến
- wash up: rửa chén
- watch out (for): be careful
- hold up : làm trở ngại- 
- jot down = note down : ghi tom tat
4. take notice of : lưu ý
5. in danger of 
6. on behalf of : nhan danh, dai dien
14. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME
Main clause
Adverbial clause of Time 
Simple Present
Past Tenses
Present Perfect
Future Tenses
Present Tenses
Past Tenses
Present Perfect / Past Simple
Present Tenses
žIt takes her thirty minutes to walk to school.
2. Eg : Translating into Vietnamese is a good method . 
 žI think It a good method to translate into Vietnamese.
3. Eg : 3.4@Banks are developed so that they can keep people’s money safe. 
 3.1 žTo keep people’s money safe , Banks are developed .
 3.4@The farmer built a high wall around the garden in order that the fruits would not be stolen. 
 3.3 žIn order for the fruits not to be stolen , The farmer built a high wall around the garden. 
 3.2@My father drove carefully in order not to cause accidents. 
 3.4 žMy father drove carefully so that he would not cause accidents.
Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ mục đích có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính . 
4. Eg : @The exercises were so difficult that the students can’t finish them.
 ž They were such difficult exercises that the students can’t finish them.
 ž The exercises were too difficult for the students to finish them.
 ž The exercises were not easy enough for the students to finish them.
 @The tea was too hot for him to drink .
 ž The tea was so hot that he could not drink it.
 ž It was such hot tea that he could not drink it.
 ž The tea was not cold enough for him to drink.
5. Eg : 5.1 I can’t speak English fluently . žI wish I could speak English fluently
 5.2 M