Present perfect tense thì hiện tại hoàn thành

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 
THÌ HIEÄN TAÏI HOAØN THAØNH
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*USEAGES (CAÙCH DUØNG): Thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh ñöôïc duøng ñeå dieãn taû:
1/ Moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù khoâng roõ raøng, khoâng roõ thôøi gian.
Ex: I have seen that film before.
2/ Moät haønh ñoäng baét ñaàu trong quaù khöù, keùo daøi ñeán hieän taïi hoaëc coù theå tieáp tuïc ôû töông lai. 
Ex: We have studied in this school for three years.
® Theo caùch duøng naøy thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh thöôøng duøng vôùi caùc phoù töø: up to now = up to present = so far (cho ñeán nay)
F Neáu haønh ñoäng ñaõ chaám döùt trong quaù khöù thì ta chia thì Quaù khöù ñôn.
Ex: 	*We have studied in this school for three years. (baây giôø chuùng toâi vaãn coøn hoïc ôû ngoâi tröôøng naøy).
	*We studied in this school for three years. (baây giôø chuùng toâi khoâng coøn hoïc ôû ngoâi tröôøng naøy)
3/ Moät haønh ñoäng töø tröôùc ñeán giôø chöa xaûy ra.
Ex: I have never been to Europe. Have you?
4/ Moät haønh ñoäng vöøa môùi xaûy ra trong quaù khöù.
Ex: He has just gone out about ten minutes.
5/ Moät haønh ñoäng ñaõ hoaøn taát trong quaù khöù nhöng keát quaû vaãn coøn löu laïi hieän taïi.
Ex: I have washed my bicycle and it is still clean.
® Neáu keát quaû khoâng coøn ôû hieän taïi thì ta chia thì quaù khöù ñôn.
Ex: I washed my bicycle and it is dirty.
6/ Moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong khoaûng thôøi gian chöa chaám döùt.
Ex: I have called you 3 times this morning. (It is 10 a.m)
® Neáu khoaûng thôøi gian ñoù qua heát thì ta chia thì quaù khöù ñôn.
Ex: I called you 3 times this morning. (It is 2 p.m)
7/ Thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh cuõng ñöôïc duøng vôùi caùc traïng töø chæ söï thöôøng xuyeân (adverbs of frequency) ñeå chæ moät haønh ñoäng ñaõ xaûy ra nhieàu laàn trong quaù khöù vaø haønh ñoäng naøy coù theå coøn laäp laïi nhieàu laàn trong töông lai.
Ex: I have seen the play Romeo and Juliet at least three times
® Neáu haønh ñoäng xaûy ra nhieàu laàn trong quaù khöù nhöng khoâng coù theå laëp laïi ñöôïc nöõa trong töông lai, ta phaûi duøn thì quaù khöù ñôn.
Ex: He saw the play Romeo and Juliet at least three times.
(Trong tröôøng naøy coù theå laø oâng aáy ñaõ cheát hoaëc vôû kòch treân khoâng coøn ñöôïc trình dieõn nöõa)
*Chuùng ta haõy so saùnh theâm söï khaùc nhau giöõa Thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh vaø Thì quaù khöù ñôn trong hai caâu sau ñaây: 
John Smith has written a number of short stories. (John vaãn coøn soáng vaø coøn tieáp tuïc saùng taùc)
John Smith wrote a number of short stories. (Coù leõ John khoâng coøn soáng nöõa hoaëc ñaõ boû ngheà)
8/ Thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh thöôøng duøng vôùi “since + moät moác thôøi gian” vaø “for + khoaûng thôøi gian”
Ex: 	*Steven has lived in London since 1990.
	*I have received a letter just a few minutes ago.
9/ Trong thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh, ta coøn duøng “yet” trong caâu phuû ñònh vaø caâu nghi vaán; duøng “already” trong caâu khaúng ñònh.
Ex: 	*Barbara hasn’t called yet.
	*Has Barbara called yet?
	*I have already posted the letter.
10/ Trong thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh, ta coøn duøng “ever” trong caâu hoûi; duøng “never” trong caâu traû lôøi (caâu khaúng ñònh) (Nhôù laø “never” mang nghóa “khoâng bao giôø” laø daáu hieäu cuûa thì “hieän taïi ñôn”; “never” mang nghóa “chöa bao giôø” laø daáu hieäu cuûa thì “hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh”
Ex: 	*Have you ever eaten snake meat? 
	*I have never had a car.
11/ Thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh coøn duøng trong caùc thaønh ngöõ: 
a/ This / That / It is the first / the second / the third / the fourth,
Ex: This is the first time I have heard him sing.
b/ This / That / It is the only: duy nhaát
Ex: This is the only party I have enjoyed.
c/ This / That / It is + superlative (tính töø so saùnh nhaát): most, best,.
Ex: It is the most interesting book I have ever read.
F Ghi chuù theâm veà caùch duøng cuûa “since” vaø “for”:
Khi coù “since” ñoäng töø cuûa meänh ñeà chính thöôøng ôû thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh, coøn meänh ñeà phuï coù since ñi tröôùc coù theå ôû caùc thì sau:
1/ SINCE + QUAÙ KHÖÙ ÑÔN
	Ex: I have loved you since I was a child.
2/ SINCE + HIEÄN TAÏI HOAØN THAØNH: Khi caû hai haønh ñoäng ôû hai meänh ñeà dieãn ra song song töø quaù khöù ñeán hieän taïi.
	Ex: I have loved you since I have known you.
3/ SINCE + HIEÄN TAÏI HOAØN THAØNH TIEÁP DIEÃN: Khi caû hai haønh ñoäng ñieàu dieãn ra song song töø quaù khöù vaø keùo daøi ñeán hieän taïi, tính chaát cuûa haønh ñoäng vôùi since ñöôïc nhaén maïnh.
	Ex: I have loved you since I have beeb living with you.
F Ghi chuù theâm veà söï khaùc bieät giöõa “gone to” vaø “been to”: 
Ví duï: 
-Ann has gone to Italy. (Ann ñaõ ñi nöôùc yù)
®Caâu naøy coù nghóa laø baây giôø coâ aáy ñang ôû nöôùc YÙ hoaëc coâ aáy treân ñöôøng ñeán nöôùc YÙ.
-Ann has been to Italy. (Ann ñaõ ñi nöôùc yù)
® Caâu naøy coù nghóa laø coâ aáy ñaõ ñeán nöôùc YÙ vaøo moät luùc naøo ñoù trong quaù khöù nhöng baây giôø coâ aáy ñaõ trôû veà vaø coâ aáy ñang ôû nöôùc cuûa coâ aáy hoaëc moät nôi naøo khaùc, khoâng phaûi ôû yù.