William Shakespeare and His Works

Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level 16/10/2014 ‹#› Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level ‹#› GROUP 1: MEMBERS VŨ THỊ KIM TRÚC 	MSSV: 11128112 NGUYỄN THỊ MỸ HƯƠNG MSSV: 11128044 William Shakespeareand His Works A. The Middle Age 1485, Henry VII became King. The English : colonizers and merchant adventures. Henry VII made commecial treaties with European countries The feudal : declined Book : cheap & plentiful => provide more opportunities to read and learn Society B. The English Renaissance (rebirth:French) Awakens artistic achievement characterized by Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. Recovery & study of texts : classical antiquity New aesthetic norms : developed ( classical mode) Humanism and nationalism period Humanism: Devotion to Greek and Latin ( human life on earth, not life after death) English humanism+ Christianity: classical learning Should English humanists write their own works in Lantin or English ? many different Greek translations Nationaslism: Scholars + poets: refined and improved native tongue  Francis Bacon , Leonardo da Vinci C. Protestant Reformation 16th century, the raise of the Protestant Movement in Europe. Henry VIII split with the Church ( Supreme Head of the Church) & No Reformation The Roman Catholic Church => The Church of England => a Protestant nation religious and political separation The Virgin Queen  Gloriana Good Queen Bess 1559, Elizabeth I return England to Protestant => Supreme Governer Queen Elizabeth’s reign: its patronaged system Literary patronage : a part of system Elizabethan Age ( 1558-1603) (The Golden Age) Writer Elizabethan: - Higher rank’s writer: Sir Philip Sidney - Lower rank ‘s writer: civil servants William Shakespeare , Ben Johnson, Christopher Malows Inspired Spenser’s poem The Faerie Queen King James I (1603-1625) The Stuart King Son of Mary Queen Scots, Elizabeth ‘s cousin 1603, Domineering foreign king Became the patron of Shakespeare’s company actors William Shakespeare(Biography)  - England's national poet & the "Bard of Avon” - Birthday: April 23rd,1564 in Stratford-upon- Avon Father : John William Shakespearea , a leather merchant. Mother: Mary Aden, a local landed heiress 7 year olds, study King Edward VI Grammar School: the King’s New School  in Stratford-upon-Avon married to Anne Hathaway in 1582 3 children:   Susanna, twins Hamnet and Judith were born. 1585-1592, Shakespeare’s Lost years (20-28) 1592, William Shakespeare :an actor , a playwright in London & several plays Wrote 38 plays and 154 sonnets 1597, 15 of the 37 plays written by William Shakespeare : published.  1599, The Globe theatre across the Thames , near London : The Lord Chamberlain’s Men: (Shakespeare’s playing company ) ( the Wooden O) => Shakespeare 1603, James I became King=> King ‘s Men ( King’s Company) Some of the most famous plays: Hamlet Macbeth The Taming of the Shrew 1613, a cannon ( gala performance of Henry VIII) set fire : burned the theatre 1997, the New Globe Theatre or Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre 230 m (750 feet) The Galleries: 1,000 people seats + room for another 2,000 groundlings  He died in 1616=> 52 year olds His first Folio was publish posthumoustly in 1623 Shakespear’s works 37 plays, 154 sonnets, 2 long poems, and others Plays: comedies, tragedies, histories, tragicomedies Early plays: histories and comedies + mostly written in the early 1590s+ dramatize the destructive results of weak or corrupt rulers Richarch III Henry V - Happy resolution- Social reunification Later plays: Tragedies and Tragicomedies Tragedies He used the fall of a remarkable person as the main focus in his tragedies. Plays: King Lear(1605-06) Othello(1604-05) Macbeth(1605-06) Hamlet(1600-01) Hamlet Revenge Betrayal Ambition Loyalty Madness Love 2. Tragicomedies 1608, change in tone from tragedy to romance, light, magic, and reconciliation More serious than the comedies but not the dark tragedies End with reconciliation and forgiveness Poems Poems 2 story poems in 1593 and 1594 On sexual love themes Show the guilt and moral confusion that result from uncontrolled lust Dedicated to Henry Wriothesley Sonnets Published in 1690 Contain: 154 sonnets Sonnets 1-126: the “Fair Youth” sequence Sonnets 127-152: the “Dark Lady” sequence The last 2 sonnets, 153-154, seem unrelated to anything previous  Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date;Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st:So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. quatrain couplet compares his beloved to the summer season argues that his beloved is better his beloved will live on forever recorded as a song by David Gilmour for his wife Sonnets’ themes Love, sexual passion, procreation, death, and time #20- play with gender roles #124- comments on political events #128- make fun of love #129- speak openly about sexual desire #130- parodies beauty #151- reference pornography Plays’ themes Conflict Rivals in love and war Quarrels within families or quarrels between families Historical and political quarrel EX: Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet b. Appearance and reality Women pretend to be men Others pretend to be friends while planning treachery Characters pretend to be mad Identities are mistaken EX: - King Henry pretends to be a soldier as he visits his troops - the Duke of Kent pretends to be a servant in ‘King Lear’ - Julia in ‘The Two Gentlemen of Verona’ - Portia in ‘The Merchant of Venice’ - Rosalind in ‘As you Like It’ - Viola in ‘Twelfth Night’ c. Order, Disorder and Change  Disorder: a person (King Lear goes mad) society (England is divided by civil war) nature (storms and tempests damaged the lives of people and societies) Then, restoration to all that has been destroyed and understanding to those who have been in misery or madness Change: from life to death or the development of new insights and empathy EX: + Nick Bottom is magically transformed into an ass in ‘Midsummer’s Night’s Dream’. + In ‘Twelfth Night’, a false letter tricks Malvolio into changing from a puritan steward to a foolish would be lover + Sometimes change happens in unique contexts: the woods, a heath, an island or a near magical setting of some kind Style Earlier plays in the traditional style of the time Use: metaphors, extravagant, conceit, formal manner Rhetorical style ( to perform not to read) Iambic pentameter (also called blank verse) Use soliloquy (“To be or not to be, that is the question.”) Then, change to a more self-expressive style: run-on lines, uneven pauses and stops, and alterations in sentence length and structure THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!