The Age of Reason (1660 – 1798)

The Age of Reason (1660 – 1798) Instructor: Ph.D. Doan Hue Dung Group 2: Nguyen Thi Minh Khoa 11128046 Nguyen Thi My Kim 11128048 Tran Thi Nhu Tho 11128095 Nguyen Pham Yen Nhi 11128075 Social Background Literature Trends Main Writers: John Dryden g C cc William Blake The Age of Reason (1660 – 1798) Social background A nation divided against itself, exhausted by 20 years of civil war and revolution. Immense conflicts between Anglicanism and Catholicism and between the monarchy and the Parliament. An empire: power from Canada in the west to Indian in the east. Leading Up to 1660 Restoration/18th Century Monarchs Restoration/18th Century Monarchs The Restoration of the monarchy 1660 King Charles II was restored to the throne an admiration and influence of French philosophy, literature, literary criticism and social behavior new poetic style The Restoration The Restoration During Charles II’s reign (1660–1685), Church of England Aristocratic courtier life: model of taste and luxury Theaters reopened and censorship of the arts declined Religious persecution of Catholics + Dissenters by Anglicans Disaster 1665-1666: Great Plague in England 1666: Great Fire in London 1685: James II became king of England 1688: Accession of William of Orange - William III (of Orange) 1689: William of Orange and his wife Anne reigned England  the ‘Glorious Revolution’ 1707: Act of Union united Scotland and England which become “Great Britain” During King George III's long rule (1760-1820) Britain became a major colonial power. The Enlightened 1751: The Enlightenment movement in France 1660 to 1800: the Enlightenment, the Age of Reason, the Augustan Age, the neoclassical period  Scientific rationalism, exemplified by the scientific method. This period brought many changes to Society Science Religion Literature Society The rich lived lavishly. They attended newly reopened theaters wore expensive, heavily ornamented clothing used make-up and wore heavy wigs (both men and women) attended or hosted balls, masquerades, and dinners in London and in fashionable resort cities (Bath) Society The poor deteriorated: lived in filthy, overcrowded slums suffered from poor sanitation and disease was sent to debtors’ prisons access cheap gin and had high rates of alcoholism Science Advances in science led to a better understanding of nature and its laws. Sir Isaac Newton: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. Robert Hooke: astronomy, biology, chemistry, and physics. Robert Boyle: the study of chemistry. Religion Catholics and Dissenters (members of non-Anglican Protestant churches) were persecuted. Many Dissenters  other countries for religious freedom Deists, believers of a new and controversial religious doctrine: the universe as a perfect mechanism that God had built and then left to run on its own. 1775: The American Revolution 1789: The French Revolution Conditions of Literary Production The Stage Licensing Act (1737) established a form of dramatic censorship The first British copyright law not tied to government approval of a book's contents. The term "public sphere" (coffeehouses, clubs, taverns, parks, etc.): readers circulated and discussed the texts. A greatly increased literacy rates (by 1800, 60-70 percent of adult men could read, versus 25 percent in 1600 Women published widely. Circulating libraries began in the 1740s. William Blake Painter Poet Printmaker William Blake William Blake's life and time He was born on November 28th 1757 His education was unorthodox William lived in the family home on Board Street in Soho until he was 25 He left school at the age of 10 William Blake's life and time Blake began attending drawing classes and at the age of 14. imagine just for illustration William Blake's life and time Blake fed his imagination during his engraving apprenticeship. He visited Gothic churches and published his first volume of verse called political sketches. William Blake's life and time At the age of 21, Blake became a student of Royal Academy of Art. William Blake's life and time Blake was directed by influential painter-Oshua Reynolds. But he found himself reactionary in this environment preferring classic works Oshua Reynolds Blake also met his wife Catherine William Blake then embarked on his career as a professional engraver In 1784 played as a partner Jame Parker open the print shop turning up mainly radical political pamphlets. imagine just for illustration Book-Something innocence was published in 1789. innocence of childhood and the delicate balance between knowledge and corruption William Blake's life and time William Blake's life and time what he saw as a corruption of the industrial revolution Writing a dark satanic Mills and celebrating the beauty of nature Catherine assisted William and together the produced a remarkable body writing and illustrations. He suffered for years from an unknown ailment with stomach pain and muscle weakness. William Blake died on August 12 1827. And was buried in bond Hill fields imagine just for illustration William Blake's influence Bible: kinh thánh theological treatises: thần học luận William Blake's influence His intellectual and psychological growth, however, was dominated by the influence of his brother, Robert, who died of consumption at the age of 20. William Blake's influence ideals and ambitious of the French and American Revolutions thinkers such as Emanuel Swedenborg William Blake's themes Opposition The cycle Oppression / epression Sexuality Innocence and Experience Religion Poetry/Imagination William Blake's style His words-unrhymed rhymed fragments and some very beautiful traditional' poetry sarcastic verse whose rhythm mostly derives from counting accented syllables per line. illustrated all of the epics by hand through engraving techniques paint the individual books with watercolors The End